The Effect of Global Spread, Epidemiology, and Control Strategies on the Evolution of the GI-19 Lineage of Infectious Bronchitis Virus.

The GI-19 lineage of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has emerged as one of the most impactful, particularly in the "Old World". Originating in China several decades ago, it has consistently spread and evolved, often forming independent clades in various areas and countries, each with distinct production systems and control strategies. This study leverages this scenario to explore how different environments may influence virus evolution.

Short-term and long-term effects of antimicrobial use on antimicrobial resistance in broiler and turkey farms.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSSulfamethoxazole and ampicillin resistance are the highest in isolates of both broilers and turkeys.Short-term effects of antibiotic use on resistance are seen more often than long-term effects.Historical penicillin use is associated with penicillin resistance in broilers.