Routine radiology-pathology concordance evaluation of CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsies increases the number of cancers identified.

Background: Routine concordance evaluation between pathology and imaging findings was introduced for CT-guided biopsies.

Purpose: To analyze malignancy rate in concordant, discordant, and indeterminate non-malignant results of CT-guided lung biopsies.

Methods: Concordance between pathology results and imaging findings of consecutive patients undergoing CT-guided lung biopsy between 7/1/2016 and 9/30/2021 was assessed during routine meetings by procedural radiologists.

Safety profile and technical success of narrow window CT-guided percutaneous biopsy with blunt needle approach in the abdomen and pelvis.

Objective: To assess success and safety of CT-guided procedures with narrow window access for biopsy.

Methods: Three hundred ninety-six consecutive patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic CT-guided biopsy or fiducial placement between 01/2015 and 12/2018 were included (183 women, mean age 63 ± 14 years). Procedures were classified into "wide window" (width of the needle path between structures > 15 mm) and "narrow window" (≤ 15 mm) based on intraprocedural images.

Evaluation of the impact of a novel denoising algorithm on image quality in dual-energy abdominal CT of obese patients.

Objectives: Evaluate a novel algorithm for noise reduction in obese patients using dual-source dual-energy (DE) CT imaging.

Methods: Seventy-nine patients with contrast-enhanced abdominal imaging (54 women; age: 58 ± 14 years; BMI: 39 ± 5 kg/m, range: 35-62 kg/m) from seven DECT (SOMATOM Flash or Force) were retrospectively included (01/2019-12/2020). Image domain data were reconstructed with the standard clinical algorithm (ADMIRE/SAFIRE 2), and denoised with a comparison (ME-NLM) and a test algorithm (rank-sparse kernel regression).

Is it possible to use low-dose deep learning reconstruction for the detection of liver metastases on CT routinely?

Objectives: To compare the image quality and hepatic metastasis detection of low-dose deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) with full-dose filtered back projection (FBP)/iterative reconstruction (IR).

Methods: A contrast-detail phantom consisting of low-contrast objects was scanned at five CT dose index levels (10, 6, 3, 2, and 1 mGy). A total of 154 participants with 305 hepatic lesions who underwent abdominal CT were enrolled in a prospective non-inferiority trial with a three-arm design based on phantom results.

Automated versus manual analysis of body composition measures on computed tomography in patients with bladder cancer.

Purpose: Manual measurement of body composition on computed tomography (CT) is time-consuming, limiting its clinical use. We validate a software program, Automatic Body composition Analyzer using Computed tomography image Segmentation (ABACS), for the automated measurement of body composition by comparing its performance to manual segmentation in a cohort of patients with bladder cancer.

Method: We performed a retrospective analysis of 285 patients treated for bladder cancer at the Duke University Health System from 1996 to 2017.

Concordance Assessment of Pathology Results with Imaging Findings after Image-Guided Biopsy.

Purpose: To assess the impact of radiology review for discordance between pathology results from computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsies versus imaging findings performed before a biopsy.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective review, which is compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and approved by the institutional review board, 926 consecutive CT-guided biopsies performed between January 2015 and December 2017 were included. In total, 453 patients were presented in radiology review meetings (prospective group), and the results were classified as concordant or discordant.

CT Radiomic Features of Superior Mesenteric Artery Involvement in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Pilot Study.

Background Current imaging methods for prediction of complete margin resection (R0) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are not reliable. Purpose To investigate whether tumor-related and perivascular CT radiomic features improve preoperative assessment of arterial involvement in patients with surgically proven PDAC. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included consecutive patients with PDAC who underwent surgery after preoperative CT between 2012 and 2019.

Pericardial Adipose Tissue Volume and Left Ventricular Assist Device-Associated Outcomes.

Background: Pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in those with and without established heart failure (HF). However, it is not known whether PAT is associated with adverse outcomes in patients with end-stage HF undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between PAT and LVAD-associated outcomes.

Effect of deep learning image reconstruction in the prediction of resectability of pancreatic cancer: Diagnostic performance and reader confidence.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic performance and reader confidence in determining the resectability of pancreatic cancer at computed tomography (CT) using a new deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm.

Methods: A retrospective review was conduct of on forty-seven patients with pathologically confirmed pancreatic cancers who underwent baseline multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT scan. Image data sets were reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP), hybrid model-based adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR-V) 60 %, and DLIR "TrueFidelity" at low(L), medium(M), and high strength levels(H).

Can radiomic analysis of a single-phase dual-energy CT improve the diagnostic accuracy of differentiating enhancing from non-enhancing small renal lesions?

Background: The value of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT)-based radiomics in renal lesions is unknown.

Purpose: To develop DECT-based radiomic models and assess their incremental values in comparison to conventional measurements for differentiating enhancing from non-enhancing small renal lesions.

Material And Methods: A total of 349 patients with 519 small renal lesions (390 non-enhancing, 129 enhancing) who underwent contrast-enhanced nephrographic phase DECT examinations between June 2013 and January 2020 on multiple DECT platforms were retrospectively recruited.

A machine learning approach for differentiating malignant from benign enhancing foci on breast MRI.

Background: Differentiate malignant from benign enhancing foci on breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) through radiomic signature.

Methods: Forty-five enhancing foci in 45 patients were included in this retrospective study, with needle biopsy or imaging follow-up serving as a reference standard. There were 12 malignant and 33 benign lesions.

Correlation of preoperative imaging characteristics with donor outcomes and operative difficulty in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.

This study aimed to understand the relationship of preoperative measurements and risk factors on operative time and outcomes of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Two hundred forty-two kidney donors between 2010 and 2017 were identified. Patients' demographic, anthropomorphic, and operative characteristics were abstracted from the electronic medical record.

Images in medicine: Spontaneous aortocaval fistula complicating abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Aortocaval fistula represents a rare, life-threatening complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm that needs emergency surgical treatment. The presentation couples that of a rupturing aneurysm with other more characteristic features resulting from the massive arteriovenous shunt. Early recognition and emergency surgical treatment are essential in reducing mortality and morbidity.

Complications of sporadic, hereditary, and acquired renal cysts: cross-sectional imaging findings.

Commonly encountered in the general adult and elderly population, in most cases simple renal cysts are confidently diagnosed on imaging studies and do not require further workup or treatment. However, large or growing renal cysts sometimes cause symptoms or signs such as hypertension, palpable mass, flank or abdominal pain, obstructive uropathy, and hematuria, which may indicate the need for minimally invasive percutaneous or laparoscopic treatment. Furthermore, severe complications such as cystic hemorrhage, rupture, or superinfection may occur, particularly in patients with polycystic renal disorders, either hereditary (namely adult polycystic kidney diseases) or acquired in chronic renal failure.

Symptomatic and complicated nonhereditary developmental liver cysts: cross-sectional imaging findings.

Commonly encountered in the general population, in the vast majority of cases nonhereditary developmental liver cysts are asymptomatic, not associated with altered hepatic function and confidently diagnosed on imaging studies, and do not require further workup, follow-up, or treatment. However, particularly in women, simple hepatic cysts may reach large sizes and cause symptoms and signs resulting from mass effect, vascular compression, and biliary obstruction. Furthermore, although rarely compared to the incidence observed in patients with adult polycystic kidney and liver disease, sporadic hepatic cysts sometimes undergo life-threatening complications such as intracystic hemorrhage, infection, or rupture, which require prompt imaging triage and appropriate interventional, laparoscopic, or open surgical treatment.