Validation of an infectious bronchitis virus GVIII-specific RT-PCR assay and first detection of IB80-like strains (lineage GVIII-2) in Italy.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a pathogen causing respiratory, renal and reproductive clinical forms in chickens of all ages and productive categories. Its proneness to mutation and recombination gave rise to a plethora of variants differing in terms of pathogenicity, antigenicity, and distribution, with relevant implications for disease control, mainly pursued by routine vaccination, and diagnosis, requiring a steady update of molecular and serological methods. Among the most recent additions to the current phylogenetic classification, based on S1 gene sequencing, is the discovery of an eighth genotype (GVIII), further divided into lineages GVIII-1 and GVIII-2.

Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Algeria: Persistent Circulation of Very Virulent Strains in Spite of Control Efforts.

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is among the most impactful immunosuppressive diseases of poultry. Its agent, infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), is prone to both mutation and reassortment, resulting in a remarkable variability. Traditionally, IBDV characterization relies on antigenicity and pathogenicity assessment, but multiple phylogenetic classifications have been recently proposed, whose implementation in molecular surveys helps generating informative and standardized epidemiological data.

Research note: Indirect evidence of avian Metapneumovirus circulation in broilers in Italy.

The clinical relevance of avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is growing in the poultry sector, especially in broiler farming, where no vaccination is administered in Italy. Given the naïve status of the birds, a serological survey was conducted in a densely populated area of Northern Italy, to evaluate aMPV circulation. Seven farms were selected and sampled in summer/fall, then sampling was repeated in the following season (winter/spring) to assess a possible seasonal effect.

D for dominant: porcine circovirus 2d (PCV-2d) prevalence over other genotypes in wild boars and higher viral flows from domestic pigs in Italy.

Introduction: Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is a key pathogen for the swine industry at a global level. Nine genotypes, differing in epidemiology and potentially virulence, emerged over time, with PCV-2a, -2b, and -2d being the most widespread and clinically relevant. Conversely, the distribution of minor genotypes appears geographically and temporally restricted, suggesting lower virulence and different epidemiological drivers.

Tracing the Flight: Investigating the Introduction of Avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) A and B.

Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) has been identified as an important cause of respiratory and reproductive disease, leading to significant productive losses worldwide. Different subtypes have been found to circulate in different regions, with aMPV-A and B posing a significant burden especially in the Old World, and aMPV-C in North America, albeit with limited exceptions of marginal economic relevance. Recently, both aMPV-A and aMPV-B have been reported in the U.

Reconstruction of Avian Reovirus History and Dispersal Patterns: A Phylodynamic Study.

Avian reovirus (ARV) infection can cause significant losses to the poultry industry. Disease control has traditionally been attempted mainly through vaccination. However, the increase in clinical outbreaks in the last decades demonstrated the poor effectiveness of current vaccination approaches.

The Effect of Global Spread, Epidemiology, and Control Strategies on the Evolution of the GI-19 Lineage of Infectious Bronchitis Virus.

The GI-19 lineage of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has emerged as one of the most impactful, particularly in the "Old World". Originating in China several decades ago, it has consistently spread and evolved, often forming independent clades in various areas and countries, each with distinct production systems and control strategies. This study leverages this scenario to explore how different environments may influence virus evolution.

First Detection and Molecular Characterization of Novel Variant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (Genotype A2dB1b) in Egypt.

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive disease causing significant damage to the poultry industry worldwide. Its etiological agent is infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a highly resistant RNA virus whose genetic variability considerably affects disease manifestation, diagnosis and control, primarily pursued by vaccination. In Egypt, very virulent strains (genotype A3B2), responsible for typical IBD signs and lesions and high mortality, have historically prevailed.

Molecular epidemiology of infectious bursal disease virus in the Near East and Persian Gulf regions.

Different field IBDVs were found to circulate in the Near and Middle East.Multiple atypical genotypes (A3B1, A4B1, A6B1) were found to circulate extensively.Traditional very virulent IBDVs (A3B2) were a minority of the detected strains.