Immunonutrition in Acute Geriatric Care: Clinical Outcomes, Inflammatory Profiles, and Immune Responses.

Background And Aims: Malnutrition is common in acutely ill geriatric patients, worsening immune function and clinical outcomes. Immunonutrition, containing nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, arginin and glutamine, may improve recovery in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of immunonutrition on clinical outcomes, inflammatory markers, and immune responses in frail, hospitalized older adults.

Challenges of infectious diseases in older adults: From immunosenescence and inflammaging through antibiotic resistance to management strategies.

Infectious diseases in older adults present a significant challenge to the healthcare system, marked by increased morbidity, mortality, and rising costs of care. Age-related changes (ARCs) in the immune system, including immunosenescence and inflammaging, contribute to heightened susceptibility to severe infections and reduced vaccine responsiveness. Additionally, alterations in the normal microbial flora due to aging and factors such as antibiotic therapy predispose older individuals to infections and age-related diseases.

Dysglycemia, gender, and cognitive performance in older persons living with mild cognitive impairment: findings from a cross-sectional, population-based study.

Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between dysglycemia - also known as pre-diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance- and cognitive abilities in an older population living Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and stratified by gender.

Study Design: This is a retrospective study with data gathered from a large Italian clinical-based database.

Main Outcome Measures: The evaluation of cognitive performances by the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised rating scale as tests of screening and a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation of several cognitive areas.

Tai chi, irisin and cognitive performance: a clinical and biological investigation in older adults.

Background: Skeletal muscle is the main source of circulating irisin, both at rest and during physical activity. Previous studies have suggested that irisin can improve cognitive abilities.

Aims: We explored whether six months of Tai Chi (TC) practice can modulate such a relationship in healthy older persons.

Diabetes-Alzheimer's connection in older age: SGLT2 inhibitors as promising modulators of disease pathways.

Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the most frequent cause of dementia in older persons. Subjects affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at higher risk of vascular disease, cognitive decline, and dementia. LOAD has many characteristics shared with impaired insulin signaling pathways, and substantial evidence has demonstrated a pivotal role in dysregulated glucose metabolism in its pathogenesis.

Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) and Circulating Cytokines in Older Persons: The Role of Gender and Body Mass Index.

Background: Inflammation, along with aging processes, contributes to the development of insulin resistance (IR), but the roles of different inflammatory and other cytokines in this process remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to analyze the association between several plasma cytokines with IR as evaluated by the metabolic score for insulin resistance, METS-IR.

Methods: We measured the plasma concentrations of thirty cytokines from a cohort of older persons and analyzed their role as independent factors for IR.