Feasibility of intraoral ultrasonography in the diagnosis of oral soft tissue lesions: a preclinical assessment on an ex vivo specimen.

Objectives: The early detection of oral soft tissue lesions is an important prognostic factor, and the possibility of using ultrasonography (US) as a diagnostic tool may improve the diagnosis and characterization of tissue alterations at an early stage. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of intraoral US by performing a preclinical assessment of an ex vivo specimen in which focal lesions were simulated.

Materials And Methods: Fourteen lesions were simulated on a freshly extracted calf tongue, by introducing in the tongue different materials mimicking the appearance of various focal lesions.

Effects of posture-related changes in motor cortical output on central oscillatory activity of pathological origin in humans.

Changes in shoulder position influence motor cortical outflow to Abductor Digiti Minimi (ADM) muscle in healthy humans. We examined whether these changes may affect finger tremor of central origin. Subjects had their shoulder positioned in two different configurations: 30 degrees horizontal adduction (ANT) and 30 degrees horizontal abduction (POST) with respect to neutral position at 0 degrees in the horizontal plane.

Dynamic changes in cortical and spinal activities with different representations of isometric motor actions and efforts.

Background: Positioning the shoulder joint from 30 degrees adduction (anterior [ANT]) to 30 degrees abduction (posterior [POST]) in the horizontal plane modifies the corticospinal output to hand and forearm muscles in humans.

Objective: We investigated the mechanisms by which the central nervous system (CNS) maintains force output under conditions of increased effort and reduced corticospinal activity.

Methods: Ten healthy subjects were studied with the shoulder joint fully supported and passively kept either in ANT or POST.

Relation between isometric muscle force and surface EMG in intrinsic hand muscles as function of the arm geometry.

Evidence exists that shoulder joint geometry influences recruitment efficiency and force-generating capacity of hand muscles [Ginanneschi, F., Del Santo, F., Dominici, F.

Changes in corticomotor excitability of forearm muscles in relation to static shoulder positions.

We examined whether the recruitment properties of the corticospinal pathway to forearm muscles are influenced by variations of the shoulder joint angle. Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscles motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation were examined during different static positions of shoulder joint in the horizontal plane: from 30 degrees abduction to 30 degrees adduction. We found that at 30 degrees shoulder adduction, maximum slope and plateau phase of the ECR and FCR input-output relationship (i.