Bioavailability and toxicity of pentachlorophenol in contaminated soil evaluated on coelomocytes of Eisenia andrei (Annelida: Lumbricidae).

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is widely distributed and highly persistent in soil, and represents a threat to the health of ecosystems. The present study aimed to assess the toxicity and bioavailability of PCP in soils as a function of different aging periods with the attempt to select a good toxicological assay for Eisenia andrei Bouché (Annelida: Lumbricidae). The experiments were performed on soil contaminated with PCP at 15 and 150ppm.

Influence of mycotoxin zearalenone and its derivatives (alpha and beta zearalenol) on apoptosis and proliferation of cultured granulosa cells from equine ovaries.

Background: The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) and its derivatives, alpha and beta-zearalenol (alpha and beta-ZOL), synthesized by genera Fusarium, often occur as contaminants in cereal grains and animal feeds. The importance of ZEA on reproductive disorders is well known in domestic animals species, particularly in swine and cattle. In the horse, limited data are available to date on the influence of dietary exposure to ZEA on reproductive health and on its in vitro effects on reproductive cells.

T-2 toxin immunotoxicity on human B and T lymphoid cell lines.

T-2 toxin belongs to a group of mycotoxins synthesized by Fusarium fungi that are widely encountered as natural contaminants in cereals. Human lymphoid cell lines of T (MOLT-4) or B (IM-9) lineage were used to characterize the cytotoxic effects mediated by T-2 at different concentrations (0.1 pg/ml to 1 microg/ml).

Cytotoxicity induced by nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, and fumonisin B1 in the SF-9 insect cell line.

The toxicity of the mycotoxins nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), and fumonisin B1 (FB1) was studied in the lepidopteran Spodoptera frugiperda (SF-9) cells, by the trypan blue dye-exclusion and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiozole-2-yl)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) tests, uptake analyses of cytotoxicity, and cell metabolism, respectively. Deoxyribonucleic acid analysis by flow cytometry was used to identify apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. After 48 h of exposure, the MTT and trypan blue dye-exclusion tests indicated that NIV was significantly more toxic than DON, and both were significantly more toxic than FB1.

Cytotoxicity of fungal metabolites to lepidopteran (Spodoptera frugiperda) cell line (SF-9).

The toxicity of sixteen fungal metabolites produced by some entomopathogenic fungi or biological control fungi agents was evaluated on lepidopteran Spodoptera frugiperda (SF-9) cell line by Trypan blue dye exclusion and MTT-colorimetric assay, after 48 h of incubation. No statistical difference was found between IC50values (50% Inhibiting Concentration) and CC50 values (50% Cytotoxicity Concentration) obtained by MTT test and Trypan blue dye exclusion for each fungal metabolite. By MTT assay, the cytotoxicity ranking was fusarenon X (IC50 0.

Beauvericin cytotoxicity to the invertebrate cell line SF-9.

The cyclic hexadepsipeptide beauvericin, initially known as a secondary metabolite produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and toxic to Artemia salina larvae, has been more recently recognized as an important mycotoxin synthesized by a number of Fusarium strains, which parasite maize, wheat and rice. Therefore, this mycotoxin may enter the food chain, causing yet unknown effects to the health of both domestic animals and humans. The cytotoxic effects of beauvericin on mammalian cells have been studied.

Cytotoxic effects of the mycotoxin beauvericin to human cell lines of myeloid origin.

Beauvericin, a cyclic hexadepsipeptide of potential importance to the health of humans and domestic animals, has been reported to exert cytotoxic effects on several mammalian cell types and to induce apoptosis. We investigated the cytotoxicity of this compound to two human cell lines of myeloid origin: the monocytic lymphoma cells U-937 and the promyelocytic leukemia cells HL-60. In some experiments HL-60 cells partially differentiated towards the eosinophilic phenotype were also used.