Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting axillary odor variation. A comprehensive review.

Humans produce odorous secretions from multiple body sites according to the microbiomic profile of each area and the types of secretory glands present. Because the axilla is an active, odor-producing region that mediates social communication via the sense of smell, this article focuses on the biological mechanisms underlying the creation of axillary odor, as well as the intrinsic and extrinsic factors likely to impact the odor and determine individual differences. The list of intrinsic factors discussed includes sex, age, ethnicity, emotions, and personality, and extrinsic factors include dietary choices, diseases, climate, and hygienic habits.

Soft like velvet and shiny like satin: Perceptual material signatures of fabrics depicted in 17th century paintings.

Dutch 17th century painters were masters in depicting materials and their properties in a convincing way. Here, we studied the perception of the material signatures and key image features of different depicted fabrics, like satin and velvet. We also tested whether the perception of fabrics depicted in paintings related to local or global cues, by cropping the stimuli.

If painters give you lemons, squeeze the knowledge out of them. A study on the visual perception of the translucent and juicy appearance of citrus fruits in paintings.

Citrus fruits are characterized by a juicy and translucent interior, important properties that drive material recognition and food acceptance. Yet, a thorough understanding of their visual perception is still missing. Using citrus fruits depicted in 17th-century paintings as stimuli, we ran three rating experiments.

Understanding gloss perception through the lens of art: Combining perception, image analysis, and painting recipes of 17th century painted grapes.

To understand the key image features that we use to infer the glossiness of materials, we analyzed the pictorial shortcuts used by 17th century painters to imitate the optical phenomenon of specular reflections when depicting grapes. Gloss perception of painted grapes was determined via a rating experiment. We computed the contrast, blurriness, and coverage of the grapes' highlights in the paintings' images, inspired by Marlow and Anderson (2013).

Combination of Scanning Probe Microscopy and Coordination Chemistry: Structural and Electronic Study of Bis(methylbenzimidazolyl)ketone and Its Iron Complex.

Here, we report the bulk synthesis of [Fe(BMBIK)Cl] bearing the redox noninnocent bis(methylbenzimidazolyl)ketone (BMBIK) ligand and the synthesis of the similar complex [Fe(BMBIK)] on a Au(111) surface using lateral manipulation at the atomic level. Cyclic voltammetry and scanning tunneling spectroscopy are shown to be useful techniques to compare the coordination compound in solution with the one on the surface. The total charge, as well as the oxidation and spin state of [Fe(BMBIK)], are investigated by comparison of the shape of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), visualized by tunneling through the LUMO, with theoretical models.

Submolecular Resolution Imaging of Molecules by Atomic Force Microscopy: The Influence of the Electrostatic Force.

The forces governing the contrast in submolecular resolution imaging of molecules with atomic force microscopy (AFM) have recently become a topic of intense debate. Here, we show that the electrostatic force is essential to understand the contrast in atomically resolved AFM images of polar molecules. Specifically, we image strongly polarized molecules with negatively and positively charged tips.