Sample strategies for the assessment of the apparent diffusion coefficient in single large intracranial space-occupying lesions of dogs and cats.

Diffusion-weighted imaging is increasingly available for brain investigation. Image interpretation of intracranial space-occupying lesions often includes the derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) analysis. In human medicine, ADC can help discriminate between benign and malignant lesions in intracranial tumors.

Computed Tomographic Findings Secondary to Dental Pathologies: Comparison between Rabbits and Guinea Pigs.

(1) Background: dental pathologies are the most frequent reason for requesting a CT scan of the head in rabbits and guinea pigs. The study aimed to review head CT exams of both species to identify and characterize lesions secondary to dental disease. (2) Methods: head CT studies of 48 rabbits and 52 guinea pigs with dental pathologies were reviewed.

Incidental Findings in Computed Tomography Examination of the Head in Rabbits and Guinea Pigs.

(1) Background: Rabbits and guinea pigs are popular pet animals and often undergo computed tomography (CT) examination for assessment of pathologies of the head. The goal of the study was to review CT examinations of the heads of rabbits and guinea pigs to identify and classify incidental findings. (2) Methods: 60 CT studies of the heads of rabbits and 65 of guinea pigs presented at 2 Institutions were reviewed and the indications for the study recorded.

MRI-based quantification of adipose tissue distribution in healthy adult cats during body weight gain.

The incidence of obesity in pet population increased over the last decades. Cats have been suggested as model for human obesity because of similar co-morbidities as diabetes and dyslipidaemia. Aim of this study were to quantify the distribution of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT, SAT respectively) in healthy adult cats during feeding-induced body weight (BW) gain by MRI, and to correlate it to the increased hepatic fat fraction (HFF).

Investigated regional apparent diffusion coefficient values of the morphologically normal feline brain.

Objectives: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) MRI is increasingly available in veterinary medicine for investigation of the brain. However, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values have only been reported in a small number of cats or in research settings. The aim of this study was to investigate the ADC values of different anatomical regions of the morphologically normal brain in a feline patient population.

Hypoattenuating periportal halo on CT in a patient population can occur in presence of a variety of diseases.

Many pathologies can occur in the periportal space and manifest as fluid accumulation, visible in Computed tomography (CT) images as a circumferential region of low attenuation around the intrahepatic portal vessels, called periportal halo (PPH). This finding is associated with different types of hepatic and extra-hepatic disease in humans and remains a non-specific sign of unknown significance in veterinary literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of PPH in a population of patients undergoing CT examination and to assess the presence of lesions related to hepatic and extra-hepatic disease in presence of PPH.

Impact of general anesthesia on rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) parameters and standard plasmatic coagulation tests in healthy Beagle dogs.

Objective: To assess the influence of general anesthesia on rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and standard coagulation testing in healthy dogs.

Study Design: Prospective experimental study.

Animals: 10 healthy Beagle dogs.

Sample strategies for quantification of hepatic fat fraction mean MRI in healthy cats during body weight gain.

Hepatic fat fraction (HFF) can be non-invasively estimated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) multiple echo gradient recalled echo (GRE) sequence. The aim of this study was to test different methods of sampling strategies to quantify the HFF in healthy cats during body weight gain. Twelve healthy adult male cats were examined in a 3 Tesla MRI unit.

Evaluation of the changes in hepatic apparent diffusion coefficient and hepatic fat fraction in healthy cats during body weight gain.

Objective: To determine the change in mean hepatic apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and hepatic fat fraction (HFF) during body weight gain in cats by use of MRI.

Animals: 12 purpose-bred adult neutered male cats.

Procedures: The cats underwent general health and MRI examination at time 0 (before dietary intervention) and time 1 (after 40 weeks of being fed high-energy food ad libitum).

Plate Removal after Internal Fixation of Limb Fractures: A Retrospective Study of Indications and Complications in 48 Horses.

Objective:  The aim of this study was to determine the indications for, and complications of, plate removal surgery in horses that underwent internal fixation of limb fractures.

Study Design:  Medical records of horses presented to our hospital between 1990 and 2015 for the removal of plates after treatment of limb fractures were reviewed. Data collected at the time of initial presentation, including signalment, history, fracture features and treatment and information about the indications, timing and complications of implant removal were reviewed.

Predictors of comorbidities and mortality in cats with pelvic fractures.

Objective: To characterize and evaluate risk factors for comorbidities and death of cats with pelvic fractures.

Study Design: Retrospective case study.

Animals: Cats (n = 280).

Diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate gland of healthy adult dogs.

Objective: To describe diffusion and perfusion characteristics of the prostate gland of healthy sexually intact adult dogs as determined by use of diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted MRI.

Animals: 12 healthy sexually intact adult Beagles.

Procedures: Ultrasonography of the prostate gland was performed.

Perfusion-weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the liver, spleen, and kidneys of healthy adult male cats.

OBJECTIVE To describe perfusion and diffusion characteristics of the liver, spleen, and kidneys of healthy adult male cats as determined by morphological, perfusion-weighted, and diffusion-weighted MRI. ANIMALS 12 healthy adult male cats. PROCEDURES Each cat was anesthetized.

Cardiac-gated, phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography is a reliable and reproducible technique for quantifying blood flow in canine major cranial abdominal vessels.

Blood flow changes in cranial abdominal vessels are important contributing factors for canine hepatic disease. This prospective, experimental, pilot study aimed to evaluate cardiac-gated, phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography (PCMRA) as a method for characterizing blood flow in canine major cranial abdominal vessels. Eleven, healthy, adult beagle dogs were sampled.

Non-invasive quantification of hepatic fat content in healthy dogs by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and dual gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging.

The objective of the present study was to describe two non-invasive methods for fat quantification in normal canine liver by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy. Eleven adult beagle dogs were anesthetized and underwent magnetic resonance examination of the cranial abdomen by performing morphologic, modified Dixon (mDixon) dual gradient echo sequence, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H MRS) imaging. In addition, ultrasonographic liver examination was performed, fine-needle liver aspirates and liver biopsies were obtained, and hepatic triglyceride content was assayed.

Sub-Tenon's injection in equine cadaver eyes: MRI visualization of anesthetic fluid distribution and comparison of two different volumes.

Objective: To compare the localization and distribution of two different anesthetic fluid volumes around equine cadaver eyes to determine an appropriate volume for a single sub-Tenon's injection in horses.

Procedure: A single sub-Tenon's injection of 2% lidocaine was performed in 10 equine cadaver heads (20 eyes) using two different volumes (7 mL on one side and 10 mL on the opposite side). The posterior circular distribution of the anesthetic was quantified in sagittal, dorsal, and transverse MRI (T2W-TSE) sequences and evaluated independently by three board-certified radiologists.

Perfusion- and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the liver of healthy dogs.

OBJECTIVE To describe the perfusion and diffusion characteristics of the liver in healthy dogs as determined by morphological, perfusion-weighted, and diffusion-weighted MRI. ANIMALS 11 healthy adult Beagles. PROCEDURES Each dog was anesthetized and underwent morphological, perfusion-weighted, and diffusion-weighted MRI of the cranial aspect of the abdomen.

Correlation of quantified contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography with immunofluorescent analysis of microvessel density in spontaneous canine tumours.

Conventionally, tumour vascularity is assessed invasively by immunofluorescent analysis. Quantified contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasound has been used to measure tumour angiogenesis non-invasively in humans and experimental animals. The purpose of this study was to correlate quantified contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasound with immunofluorescent results in 45 spontaneous canine tumours.