Outcome following emergency laparotomy in 33 UK donkeys: A retrospective multicentre study.

Background: Emergency laparotomies in donkeys are infrequently performed and there is limited literature on the subject.

Objectives: To determine findings and associated outcomes of exploratory laparotomies in donkeys.

Study Design: Descriptive retrospective study.

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography for left atrial volume assessment in Thoroughbred racehorses: Observer variability and comparison with two-dimensional echocardiography.

Background: Left atrial size predicts cardiac morbidity and mortality in humans and dogs. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) may be reliable for assessing left atrial volume (LAV) in horses.

Objectives: To determine intra- and interobserver variability estimates of 3DE-LAV and compare it to that of 2DE-LAV estimates.