The deltoid ligament is constantly formed by four fascicles reaching the navicular, spring ligament complex, calcaneus and talus.

Purpose: The medial collateral ligament of the ankle, or deltoid ligament, can be injured in up to 40% of patients who sustain an ankle inversion sprain. Reporting injuries of the deltoid ligament is not easy due to confusion in the current anatomical descriptions, with up to 16 fascicles described, with variable frequencies. The purpose of this study was to clarify the anatomy of the deltoid ligament.

Arthroscopic repair of the tibiotalar fascicle of deltoid ligament is feasible through anterior ankle arthroscopy.

Purpose: Although arthroscopic repair of the deltoid ligament is becoming a popular procedure, no studies have assessed which bundles of the deltoid ligament can be reached by anterior ankle arthroscopy. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the arthroscopic repair of the deep layer of the deltoid ligament. In addition, it aimed to correlate which fascicle of the superficial layer of the deltoid ligament corresponds to the deep fascicle visualised by arthroscopy.

Arthroscopic treatment of ankle multiligamentous injuries provides similar clinical outcomes to the treatment of isolated lateral ligament injury at the 2-year follow-up.

Purpose: Rotational ankle instability is a multiligamentous injury defined as an overload injury of the deltoid ligament caused by a long-standing injury of the lateral collateral ligament in patients affected by chronic ankle instability. The purpose of the study was to compare the clinical outcomes of combined arthroscopic repair of lateral and medial ankle ligaments for rotational ankle instability versus isolated arthroscopic lateral ligament repair for lateral ankle instability at 2 years' follow-up.

Methods: Between 2019 and 2021, 108 patients with chronic ankle instability were consecutively treated by arthroscopy.

Arthroscopic all-inside ligament repair has similar or superior clinical outcomes compared to open repair for chronic ankle instability without concomitant intra-articular pathology at 5 years follow-up.

Purpose: Open ligament repair is widely considered the gold standard treatment for chronic ankle instability. Nevertheless, arthroscopic treatment of ankle instability has gained popularity becoming the preferred technique for many surgeons. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of all-inside arthroscopic versus open lateral ligament repair for chronic ankle instability at 5 years follow-up.

Clinical Relevance and Function of Anterior Talofibular Ligament Superior and Inferior Fascicles: A Robotic Study.

Background: Ankle lateral ligament sprains are common injuries in sports, and some may result in persistent ankle pain and a feeling of instability without clinical evidence of instability. The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) has 2 distinct fascicles, and recent publications have suggested that injury isolated to the superior fascicle might be the cause of these chronic symptoms. This study aimed to identify the biomechanical properties conferred by the fascicles in stabilizing the ankle in order to understand potential clinical problems that may follow when the fascicles are injured.

Complications after talus fractures: A trauma centre experience.

Background: Talus fractures are anatomically complex, high-energy injuries that can be associated with poor outcomes and high complication rates. Complications include non-union, avascular necrosis (AVN) and post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to analyse the outcomes of these injuries in a large series.

Functional Outcomes of Dorsal Bridge Plating for Lisfranc Injuries With Routine Implant Retention: A Major Trauma Center Experience.

Objectives: To assess medium-term functional outcomes and the complication profile for unstable Lisfranc injuries treated with dorsal bridge plate (DBP) fixation when implants are not routinely removed.

Design: Large single-center retrospective case series.

Setting: Level-1 Trauma Center, London, United Kingdom.

Percutaneous subtalar joint screw fixation of comminuted calcaneal fractures: a salvage procedure.

Introduction: Malunited comminuted calcaneal fractures result in poor function due subtalar joint arthritis and altered biomechanics. We aimed to assess whether percutaneous subtalar joint screws after fracture reduction provide good outcomes for these difficult injuries.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed 15 comminuted calcaneal fractures (in 14 patients) treated with percutaneous subtalar screw fixation.

Medial approach for subtalar distraction bone block arthrodesis.

Subtalar distraction bone block arthrodesis is a useful technique commonly employed in the management of calcaneal and talar fracture malunion. Traditionally it is performed via a posterolateral or extensile lateral approach, however such approaches have been associated with wound complications, particularly secondary to the added stress caused by the subtalar distraction crucial to this technique. Medial approaches to the subtalar joint have been used in other procedures but have not been reported in subtalar distraction bone block arthrodesis.

Open vs Minimally Invasive Scarf Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus Correction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Minimally invasive (MI) surgery is becoming increasingly popular in the treatment of hallux valgus (HV). The scarf osteotomy is an effective procedure with a track record in open HV surgery. We adapted this effective osteotomy to MI surgery as a novel technique never reported before.

Outcomes of posterior malleolar fixation in ankle fractures in a major trauma centre.

Aims: Ongoing controversy exists over the indications and benefits of posterior malleolar fixation in ankle fractures. The aim of this pragmatic study was to evaluate the outcomes of posterior malleolar fracture fixation in ankle fractures in the setting of a major trauma centre. Our hypothesis is that posterior malleolus fixation leads to improved clinical outcomes.

Large variation in management of talar osteochondral lesions among foot and ankle surgeons: results from an international survey.

Purpose: Surgeons management of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) may be different to the published guidelines because not all treatment recommendations are feasible in every country. This study aimed to assess how OLT are managed worldwide by foot and ankle surgeons.

Methods: A web-based survey was distributed to the members of 21 local and international scientific societies focused on foot and ankle or sports medicine surgery.

Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Surgery-A Systematic Review and Assessment of State of the Art.

Minimally invasive techniques in the treatment of hallux valgus deformity have seen growing popularity since the 1990s. The purpose of this article is to assess the existing body of literature as to the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive techniques and identify areas for further development. The appeal of minimizing soft tissue damage, reducing surgical time, and faster recovery is currently offset by the initial learning curve and a lack of high-quality studies regarding minimally invasive techniques.

Arthroscopic-Assisted Versus All-Arthroscopic Ankle Stabilization Technique.

Background: Both the percutaneous technique with arthroscopic assistance, also known as arthroscopic Broström (AB), and the arthroscopic all-inside ligament repair (AI) are widely used to treat chronic lateral ankle instability. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of these 2 arthroscopic stabilizing techniques.

Methods: Thirty-nine consecutive patients were arthroscopically treated for chronic ankle instability by 2 different surgeons.

Ankle microinstability: arthroscopic findings reveal four types of lesion to the anterior talofibular ligament's superior fascicle.

Purpose: ATFL's superior fascicle injury has been considered to be the underlying cause in cases of ankle microinstability. As its clinical diagnosis can be difficult, arthroscopic examination may be the only objective diagnostic tool. The purpose of this study was to determine what types of injuries to the ATFL's superior fascicle are associated with ankle microinstability, and to provide the reader with an arthroscopic classification of the types of microinstability affecting the ankle.

Anatomical Study of Minimally Invasive Lateral Release Techniques for Hallux Valgus Treatment.

Background: Lateral release (LR) for the treatment of hallux valgus is a routinely performed technique, either by means of open or minimally invasive (MI) surgery. Despite this, there is no available evidence of the efficacy and safety of MI lateral release. Our aim was to study 2 popular techniques for MI LR in cadavers by subsequently dissecting the released anatomical structures.

Arthroscopic all-inside ATFL and CFL repair is feasible and provides excellent results in patients with chronic ankle instability.

Purpose: Chronic ankle instability has been described as presenting with complete tears of both the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) in 20% of cases. Arthroscopic techniques to treat chronic ankle instability are increasingly being reported and in some instances they can be technically demanding. The aim of this study was to describe an arthroscopic all-inside repair of both the ATFL and CFL, and to report the outcomes of a group of patients with chronic ankle instability that underwent the technique.

What Is the Diagnostic "Algorithm" for Infected Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA)?

Recommendation: Patients who present with clinical symptoms and signs of periprosthetic ankle infection (pain, erythema, warmth, sinus tract, abscess around the wound) and sinus tracts communicating with the ankle/subtalar joint are likely to have total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) infection. In the absence of a sinus tract, elevated inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] and C-reactive protein [CRP]) should prompt ankle joint aspiration for cell count, differential, and culture. The joint aspiration is to be repeated.

Arthroscopic all-inside ATiFL's distal fascicle transfer for ATFL's superior fascicle reconstruction or biological augmentation of lateral ligament repair.

Purpose: Tendon grafts are often utilized for reconstruction of the lateral ligaments unamenable to primary repair. However, tendon and ligaments have different biological roles. The anterior tibiofibular ligament's (ATiFL) distal fascicle may be resected without compromising the stability of the ankle joint.

The arthroscopic all-inside ankle lateral collateral ligament repair is a safe and reproducible technique.

Purpose: Neurovascular structures around the ankle are at risk of injury during arthroscopic all-inside lateral collateral ligament repair for the treatment of chronic ankle instability. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of damage to anatomical structures and reproducibility of the technique amongst surgeons with different levels of expertise in the arthroscopic all-inside ligament repair.

Methods: Twelve fresh-frozen ankle specimens were used for the study.

Arthroscopic All-Inside Anterior Talofibular Ligament Repair Through a Three-Portal and No-Ankle-Distraction Technique.

Background: Ankle instability is a common consequence of ankle sprains. Injury of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) is the most common cause of ankle instability. Arthroscopic treatment of ankle instability is an emerging field attracting increased interest among surgeons.