Psychometric properties of the stress control mindset measure in university students from Australia and the UK.

Introduction: Beliefs about the consequences of stress, stress mindsets, are associated with health and performance outcomes under stress. This article reports the development and examination of the psychometric properties of a measure of stress mindset: The Stress Control Mindset Measure (SCMM). The measure is consistent with theory on mindsets about self-attributes and conceptualizes stress mindset as the extent to which individuals endorse beliefs that stress can be enhancing.

The Influence of University Students' Stress Mindsets on Health and Performance Outcomes.

Background: Emerging evidence indicates that holding particular stress mindsets has favorable implications for peoples' health and performance under stress.

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to examine the processes by which implicit and explicit stress mindsets relate to health- and performance-related outcomes. Specifically, we propose a stress beliefs model in which somatic responses to stress and coping behaviors mediate the effect of stress mindsets on outcomes.

Recovering from traumatic occupational hand injury following surgery: a biopsychosocial perspective.

Purpose: Significant differences occur in the return-to-work (RTW) period amongst workers with an acute traumatic occupational hand injury. This study aimed to develop and test a comprehensive multivariate conceptual biopsychosocial model to predict RTW outcome.

Method: Patients presenting with an occupational hand injury were interviewed 7-10 days after their injury (N = 192) and again at 4 weeks after their injury (n = 150).

The link between sleep problems in infancy and early childhood and attention problems at 5 and 14 years: Evidence from a birth cohort study.

Background: Little research has examined the associations between early sleep problems and attention problems over several developmental periods.

Aims: To examine whether sleep problems in infancy and early childhood are independently related to attention difficulty at 5 and 14 years, and to the continuity of attention difficulties from 5 to 14 years.

Study Design: The study was a prospective, population-based birth cohort study.

Is smoking in pregnancy an independent predictor of academic difficulties at 14years of age? A birth cohort study.

Background: Studies of the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy have reported inconsistent findings in relation to measures of offspring cognitive functioning. Few studies, however, have examined learning outcomes in adolescents, as opposed to IQ.

Aim: To examine the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and academic performance among adolescent offspring.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy predicts nicotine disorder (dependence or withdrawal) in young adults - a birth cohort study.

Objective: To investigate whether maternal smoking during pregnancy predicts offspring nicotine disorder (dependence or withdrawal) at 21 years.

Method: Participants comprised a prospective birth cohort involving 7,223 singleton children whose mothers were enrolled between 1981 and 1983 at the first antenatal visit to the Mater Mothers' Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland. The present sub-cohort consisted of 2,571 youth who completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-computerised version (CIDI-Auto) that assesses nicotine dependence and withdrawal according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria at the 21-year follow-up.

Understanding women's mammography intentions: a theory-based investigation.

The present study compared the utility of two models (the Theory of Planned Behavior and Protection Motivation Theory) in identifying factors associated with intentions to undertake screening mammography, before and after an intervention. The comparison was made between the unique components of the two models. The effect of including implementation intentions was also investigated.

The impact of chronic vulval pain on quality of life and psychosocial well-being.

Background: Chronic or recurrent pain associated with the female reproductive system is not well understood and has been neglected in research, despite it being a costly health problem.

Aims: The present research investigated the psychosocial impact of vulval pain on health-related quality of life, sexual well-being, and relationship satisfaction among Australian women.

Methods: Between June and December 2004, Australian women with and without vulval pain completed a questionnaire containing a range of well-validated self-report measures.

Does childhood sexual abuse have an effect on young adults' nicotine disorder (dependence or withdrawal)? Evidence from a birth cohort study.

Aims: To examine whether there is evidence of an independent association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and nicotine disorder in youth and to explore the mechanisms underlying this association in a prospective cohort study.

Design: Birth cohort study followed-up to 21 years.

Setting: One of two major obstetric hospitals in Brisbane, Australia.

Does maternal smoking during pregnancy predict the smoking patterns of young adult offspring? A birth cohort study.

Objective: To examine the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the development of smoking behaviour patterns among young adult offspring.

Method: Data were from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP), a birth cohort of 7223 mothers and children enrolled in Brisbane, Australia, in 1981. The development of smoking behaviours (early or late onset, or combination of onset and prevalence patterns) among offspring at age 21 years with different patterns of maternal smoking (never smoked, smoked before or after pregnancy but not during pregnancy, or smoked during pregnancy) were compared.

Predicting bicycle helmet wearing intentions and behavior among adolescents.

Introduction: Cycling accidents in Australia, especially those resulting in head injuries, are a substantive cause of death and disability; but despite legislation and evidence that helmets reduce the risk of head injury, few adolescents wear them.

Method: This study employed a revised version of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB; [Ajzen, I. (1991).

Prenatal alcohol exposure and attention, learning and intellectual ability at 14 years: a prospective longitudinal study.

Background: A range of adverse birth outcomes is associated with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure.

Aim: To examine the effects of moderate levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on children's intellectual ability, learning and attention at 14 years of age.

Study Design And Subjects: The Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy involves a prospective birth cohort of 7223 singletons whose mothers were enrolled at the first antenatal visit.

Prediction of adolescent smoking from family and social risk factors at 5 years, and maternal smoking in pregnancy and at 5 and 14 years.

Aims: This study examines associations between maternal smoking and family, social or child risk factors when the child is aged 5 and adolescent smoking. The influence of mothers who smoke in pregnancy or continue to smoke at 14 years was also examined.

Design: The Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy is a prospective cohort study.

Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and physical outcomes up to 5 years of age: a longitudinal study.

Aim: To examine whether alcohol exposure in pregnancy affects weight and head circumference (HC) at birth and 5 years, and whether these effects are independent of cigarette exposure in pregnancy and social disadvantage.

Study Design: The Mater-University Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) involves a prospective cohort of 8556 mothers who were enrolled at first antenatal visit. The quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption in early and late pregnancy and a measure of binge drinking in early pregnancy were recorded.

Normalization of marijuana use: its effects on adolescents' intentions to use marijuana.

The comparative salience of attitudes, normative influences, and perceptions of the ease or difficulty of engaging in marijuana use was examined in 91 adolescents from three subsamples: those living in Nimbin, Australia, where marijuana use appears to have become normalized, a control group, and a group of homeless adolescents, surveyed in 1997. There were no differences between two of the groups in relation to their attitudes towards marijuana, and no differences in perceived access to the drug. For those who intended using marijuana, personal beliefs were significantly more salient than beliefs about what important others thought they should do.