A comparison of virtual reality anatomy models to prosections in station-based anatomy teaching.

Immersive virtual reality (i-VR) is a powerful tool that can be used to explore virtual models in three dimensions. It could therefore be a valuable tool to supplement anatomical teaching by providing opportunities to explore spatial anatomical relationships in a virtual environment. However, there is a lack of consensus in the literature as to its effectiveness as a teaching modality when compared to the use of cadaveric material.

Multi-pedicled long fasciocutaneous free flaps in complex lower extremity reconstruction.

Fasciocutaneous free tissue transfer is an established limb salvage modality in lower extremity reconstruction. In severe cases, defect coverage is challenging due to the size and extent of the injury which may surpass the dimensions of most commonly utilized fasciocutaneous donor sites. This is further complicated by the considerable length between the recipient pedicle and most distal segment of the defect requiring coverage.

Sub-toxic levels of Co are anti-inflammatory and protect cartilage from degradation caused by IL-1β.

Background: Cobalt ions from some orthopaedic implants induce a dose-dependent cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory response. Recent studies show that sub-toxic levels of cobalt influence actin organisation regulating fibroblasts and macrophages behaviour. However little is known about the influence of sub-toxic levels of cobalt on articular cartilage biology and biomechanics.