Nasal carriage of virulent and multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a possible comorbidity of COVID-19.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) associated with COVID-19 has not been well documented. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between nasal S.

Effect of nasal carriage of species on COVID-19 severity: a cross-sectional study.

Intranasal sprays containing species are being researched for treating viral respiratory tract infections. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the nasal carriage of and COVID-19 severity. This was a cross-sectional study that collected nasopharyngeal samples from adults 18 years and above visiting two COVID-19 testing centers in Lagos, Nigeria, between September 2020 and September 2021.

Corrigendum: Fetoplacental transmission and placental response to SARS-CoV-2: evidence from the literature.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.

A survey of chloroquine use for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in Nigeria.

Background: Rampant chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine poisoning in Nigerian hospitals following suggestions of its possible efficacy in the treatment and prevention of the newly emerged COVID-19 disease informed this survey.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of the Nigerian populace on the use of chloroquine in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was done by administering an electronic questionnaire created using Google Docs, through social media cascade methods including the WhatsApp application software to capture data on chloroquine use between April 20 and June 20, 2020.

Multidrug-Resistant Kocuria rosea and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Co-Infection in a Nigerian Patient with COVID-19: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Bacterial Infections, especially, of the respiratory system, have been reported as one of the medical concerns in patients with the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), particularly those with multiple co-morbidities. We present a case of a diabetic patient with co-infection of multi-drug-resistant Kocuria rosea and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) who contracted COVID-19. CASE REPORT A 72-year-old man with diabetes presented with symptoms including cough, chest pain, urinary incontinence, respiratory distress, sore throat, fever, diarrhea, loss of taste, and anosmia and was confirmed to have COVID-19.

Fetoplacental transmission and placental response to SARS-CoV-2: Evidence from the literature.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a dreadful novel coronavirus with global health concerns among pregnant women. To date, the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy remains controversial. We briefly report recent findings of placental response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and updates on vertical transmission.

Evaluation of respiratory tract bacterial co-infections in SARS-CoV-2 patients with mild or asymptomatic infection in Lagos, Nigeria.

Background: A common complication of any respiratory disease by a virus could be a secondary bacterial infection, which is known to cause an increase in severity. It is, however, not clear whether the presence of some opportunistic pathogens called pathobionts contributes to the severity of the disease. In COVID-19 patients, undetected bacterial co-infections may be associated with the severity of the disease.

Mucoadhesive Microspheres of Maraviroc and Tenofovir Designed for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis of HIV-1: An in vitro Assessment of the Effect on Vaginal Lactic Acid Bacteria Microflora.

Purpose: To formulate and evaluate microspheres of the antiretroviral drugs maraviroc and tenofovir intended for a candidate vaginal microbicide and assess its effect on the vaginal lactic acid bacteria microflora.

Methods: Ionic gelation technique was used to formulate maraviroc and tenofovir microspheres with subsequent characterization. The effect of varying concentrations of the polymer, crosslinking agent and the curing time on the outcome variables viz: particle size, mucoadhesion and encapsulation efficiency were investigated.

Extracts of endophytic fungi from leaves of selected Nigerian ethnomedicinal plants exhibited antioxidant activity.

Background: Plants with an ethnobotanical history are known to harbor diverse group of endophytic fungi, which constitute major natural sources of bioactive compounds. In the present study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi from eight Nigerian ethnomedicinal plants. Endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of Acalypha ornata, Albizia zygia, Alchornea cordifolia, Chrysophyllum albidum, Ficus exasperata, Gomphrena celosioides, Millettia thonningii, and Newbouldia laevis.

Duodenal ulcer promoting gene (DupA), plasticity region genes and sigma factors in H. pyloristrains from Nigeria.

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is a principal cause of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and contribution of duodenal ulcer promoting gene A (dupA), the plasticity region genes and sigma factors in relation to their pathological expression of H. pylori infections in the Nigerian population.

Plasmid profile and role in virulence of salmonella enterica serovars isolated from food animals and humans in Lagos Nigeria.

Infections caused by non-typhoidal (NTS) are common around the world, with high morbidity and mortality rates recorded annually. serovars harbor plasmids of various sizes which may play roles in antibiotic resistance and virulence. The aim of this study was to profile and determine the role of plasmids in ciprofloxacin resistance and virulence of serovars.

Infections with and challenges encountered in Africa.

() is the causative agent of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer (GC). While this bacterium infects 50% of the world's population, in Africa its prevalence reach as high as 80% as the infection is acquired during childhood. Risk factors for acquisition have been reported to be mainly due to overcrowding, to have infected siblings or parent and to unsafe water sources.

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among dyspeptic patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nigeria.

Background: This multicenter study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection among dyspeptic patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Patients with dyspepsia were recruited from tertiary teaching hospitals, three in the South-West and one in the South-South regions of Nigeria, between November 2016 and August 2017.

Clinical and Socio- Demographic Risk Factors for Acquisition of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Nigeria.

Background: The aim of the study was to assess clinical and socio-demographic characteristics as well as prior drug usage as risk factors for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Nigeria. Methods: A total of 347 respondents were surveyed by assessing their clinical and socio-demographic characteristics in comparison with the non-invasive gold standard for H.

Prevalence of gene among from clinical samples of a tertiary hospital in Benin City, Nigeria.

Background: The have increasingly been associated with infections worldwide and anti-microbial resistance has made these versatile pathogens more recalcitrant in the hospital setting.

Objectives: This study sought to investigate the occurrence and distribution of species as well as determine the prevalence of methicillin resistant (MRSA) and methicillin resistant coagulase negative (MRCoNS) among clinical samples from University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) in Benin City.

Methods: Ninety one (91) clinical isolates comprising and Coagulase Negative (CoNS) were recovered from routine clinical specimens and anti-microbial susceptibility tests were carried out.

Molecular analysis of low-level tetracycline resistance in clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori among dyspeptic patients in South West Nigeria.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of 16S rRNA mutations associated with low-level tetracycline resistance in Helicobacter pylori isolates from adult dyspeptic patients in South West Nigeria.

Methods: Susceptibility testing to tetracycline of 50 H. pylori isolates was performed by Etest.

Helicobacter pylori strains from a Nigerian cohort show divergent antibiotic resistance rates and a uniform pathogenicity profile.

Antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori is a factor preventing its successful eradication. Particularly in developing countries, resistance against commonly used antibiotics is widespread. Here, we present an epidemiological study from Nigeria with 111 isolates.

Application of stool-PCR for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori from stool in Nigeria- a pilot study.

There are various methods for detection of Helicobacter pylori and the gold standard for non-invasive detection is the urea breath test (UBT). The aim of the study is therefore to detect H. pylori from the stool of patients with dyspepsia by PCR and compare results obtained with UBT.

Molecular characterization of Salmonella spp directly from snack and food commonly sold in Lagos, Nigeria.

Food borne Salmonella infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. A total of 200 food samples commonly sold in Lagos, Nigeria comprising raw and cooked meat as well as meat products and spoilt meat were analysed for the presence of Salmonella spp using REVEAL serology kit, culture methods employing RPVA (Rappaport Vassiliadis agar), SSA (Salmonella-Shigella agar) and BSA (brilliant sulphite agar) and PCR method for direct detection from samples using primer salm3/4 and ST11/ST15 sets. Using the REVEAL serology kit, 74% of the samples were positive for Salmonella spp, while culture methods showed only 19% to be Salmonella spp.

Antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from surgical wounds in Lagos, Nigeria.

The aim of the study was to determine the resistance patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from patients with surgical wounds in hospitals and also to investigate their epidemiological relatedness using molecular typing techniques. Twenty Pseudomonas sp. isolated from surgical wounds were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing by disk diffusion, plasmid profile, SDS-PAGE and PCR using the parC, gyr A gene and RAPD using the 1254 primer.

Fluconazole susceptibility and ERG11 gene expression in vaginal candida species isolated from Lagos Nigeria.

Fluconazole resistance is an important type of resistance in Candida because in most countries, fluconazole is the drug of choice for vulvovaginal candidiasis. Candida species resist fluconazole by various mechanisms but there is paucity of data on these in our environment. Such mechanisms include among others, over-expression of the ERG11 gene, which codes for synthesis of the target enzymes in the fungus.

Application of a point-of-care test for the serodiagnosis of typhoid fever in Nigeria and the need for improved diagnostics.

Introduction: There is an urgent need for affordable point-of-care diagnostics for the differentiation of febrile illnesses and the confirmation of typhoid in endemic countries.

Methodology: Blood samples were collected from febrile patients with clinical suspicion of typhoid and screened for typhoid fever using the Widal and Typhi Dri Dot tests, while stool and blood samples were screened for Salmonella Typhi using the culture method as well as PCR as a confirmatory test.

Results: A high proportion of febrile patients from Lagos with clinical suspicion of typhoid fever reacted positively in a simple and rapid latex agglutination assay for typhoid fever, indicating that this illness is a common and presumably under-diagnosed health problem in this metropolis.

Comparison of PCR with other diagnostic techniques for the detection of H. pylori infection in patients presenting with gastroduodenal symptons in Nigeria.

The study was aimed at comparing PCR methods of direct detection from biopsy using the boiling method and one other method with two known gold standards (histology and CLO test) for the diagnosis of H. pylori in Nigeria. A total of 168 biopsies (three from antrum and one from corpus each) were taken from 42 patients presenting with various gastroduodenal symptons after informed consent was obtained from them.