Combined versus Sequential Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Phacoemulsification for Macular Hole and Epiretinal Membrane: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Topic: Comparing the efficacy and safety between combined and sequential pars plana vitrectomy and phacoemulsification for macular hole (MH) and epiretinal membrane (ERM).

Clinical Relevance: The standard of care for MH and ERM is vitrectomy, which increases the risk of developing cataract. Combined phacovitrectomy eliminates the need for a second surgery.

tissue pathology from spatially encoded mass spectrometry classifiers visualized in real time through augmented reality.

Integration between a hand-held mass spectrometry desorption probe based on picosecond infrared laser technology (PIRL-MS) and an optical surgical tracking system demonstrates tissue pathology from point-sampled mass spectrometry data. Spatially encoded pathology classifications are displayed at the site of laser sampling as color-coded pixels in an augmented reality video feed of the surgical field of view. This is enabled by two-way communication between surgical navigation and mass spectrometry data analysis platforms through a custom-built interface.