Identification of CD160-TM as a tumor target on triple negative breast cancers: possible therapeutic applications.

Background: Despite major therapeutic advances, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) still presents a worth prognosis than hormone receptors-positive breast cancers. One major issue relies in the molecular and mutational heterogeneity of TNBC subtypes that is reinforced by the absence of reliable tumor-antigen that could serve as a specific target to further promote efficient tumor cell recognition and depletion. CD160 is a receptor mainly expressed by NK lymphocytes and presenting two isoforms, namely the GPI-anchored form (CD160-GPI) and the transmembrane isoform (CD160-TM).

CD25high Effector Regulatory T Cells Hamper Responses to PD-1 Blockade in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Unlabelled: Regulatory T cells (Treg) impede effective antitumor immunity. However, the role of Tregs in the clinical outcomes of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains controversial. Here, we found that an immunosuppressive TNBC microenvironment is marked by an imbalance between effector αβCD8+ T cells and Tregs harboring hallmarks of highly suppressive effector Tregs (eTreg).

Relationships of circulating CD4 T cell subsets and cytokines with the risk of relapse in patients with Crohn's disease.

Background And Aims: We aimed to analyze circulating CD4 T cell subsets and cytokines during the course of Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods And Results: CD4 T cell subsets, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (usCRP), and various serum cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-23, TNFα, IFNγ, and TGFβ) were prospectively monitored every 3 months for 1 year, using multicolor flow cytometry and an ultrasensitive Erenna method in CD patients in remission at inclusion. Relapse occurred in 35 out of the 113 consecutive patients (31%).

The soluble form of CD160 acts as a tumor mediator of immune escape in melanoma.

Melanoma is responsible for 90% of skin cancer-related deaths. Major therapeutic advances have led to a considerable improvement in the prognosis of patients, with the development of targeted therapies (BRAF or MEK inhibitors) and immunotherapy (anti-CTLA-4 or -PD-1 antibodies). However, the tumor constitutes an immunosuppressive microenvironment that prevents the therapeutic efficacy and/or promotes the development of secondary resistances.

A Chatbot to Engage Parents of Preterm and Term Infants on Parental Stress, Parental Sleep, and Infant Feeding: Usability and Feasibility Study.

Background: Parents commonly experience anxiety, worry, and psychological distress in caring for newborn infants, particularly those born preterm. Web-based therapist services may offer greater accessibility and timely psychological support for parents but are nevertheless labor intensive due to their interactive nature. Chatbots that simulate humanlike conversations show promise for such interactive applications.

Machine Learning Supports Automated Digital Image Scoring of Stool Consistency in Diapers.

Background/aims: Accurate stool consistency classification of non-toilet-trained children remains challenging. This study evaluated the feasibility of automated classification of stool consistencies from diaper photos using machine learning (ML).

Methods: In total, 2687 usable smartphone photos of diapers with stool from 96 children younger than 24 months were obtained after independent ethical study approval.

Regulatory T Cell Therapy for Uveitis: A New Promising Challenge.

Uveitis is a sight-threatening primary intraocular inflammation of various origins in mainly young and active patients. Due to the absence of biomarkers in most of the cases, the current treatment of noninfectious entities remains nonspecific, using corticosteroids, conventional immunosuppressors, and more recently biological agents. Identification of regulatory T cells in different models of autoimmune uveitis together with the evaluation of this important subpopulation in different entities paved the way for new therapeutic strategies, in addition to exclusive pharmaceutical approaches.

Inhibition of Noninfectious Uveitis Using Intravenous Administration of Collagen II-Specific Type 1 Regulatory T Cells.

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic potential of Col-Treg, a collagen II-specific type 1 regulatory T-cell immunotherapy for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis (NIU).

Methods: Col-Treg cells were produced from collagen II-specific T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice or peripheral blood of healthy donors. Phenotypic characterization was performed by flow cytometry, and cytokine secretion was evaluated with Flowcytomix or ELISA.

Type 1 regulatory T cells specific for collagen type II as an efficient cell-based therapy in arthritis.

Introduction: Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a crucial role in preventing autoimmune diseases and are an ideal target for the development of therapies designed to suppress inflammation in an antigen-specific manner. Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells are defined by their capacity to produce high levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10), which contributes to their ability to suppress pathological immune responses in several settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of collagen type II-specific Tr1 (Col-Treg) cells in two models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in mice.

Risk of tumorigenicity in mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies--bridging scientific observations and regulatory viewpoints.

In the past decade, the therapeutic value of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been studied in various indications, thereby taking advantage of their immunosuppressive properties. Easy procurement from bone marrow, adipose tissue or other sources and conventional in vitro expansion culture have made their clinical use attractive. Bridging the gap between current scientific knowledge and regulatory prospects on the transformation potential and possible tumorigenicity of MSCs, the Cell Products Working Party and the Committee for Advanced Therapies organized a meeting with leading European experts in the field of MSCs.

Determination of the strange-quark density of the proton from ATLAS measurements of the W→ℓν and Z→ℓℓ cross sections.

A QCD analysis is reported of ATLAS data on inclusive W(±) and Z boson production in pp collisions at the LHC, jointly with ep deep-inelastic scattering data from HERA. The ATLAS data exhibit sensitivity to the light quark sea composition and magnitude at Bjorken x∼0.01.

Search for pair production of a new b' quark that decays into a Z boson and a bottom quark with the ATLAS detector.

A search is reported for the pair production of a new quark b' with at least one b' decaying to a Z boson and a bottom quark. The data, corresponding to 2.0 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity, were collected from pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.

Search for pair production of a heavy up-type quark decaying to a W boson and a b quark in the lepton + jets channel with the ATLAS detector.

A search is presented for production of a heavy up-type quark (t') together with its antiparticle, assuming subsequent decay to a W boson and a b quark, t't[over ¯]'→W(+)bW(-)b[over ¯]. The search is based on 1.04 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at √[s]=7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.

Search for a light Higgs boson decaying to long-lived weakly interacting particles in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector.

A search for the decay of a light Higgs boson (120-140 GeV) to a pair of weakly interacting, long-lived particles in 1.94 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV recorded in 2011 by the ATLAS detector is presented. The search strategy requires that both long-lived particles decay inside the muon spectrometer.

Search for gluinos in events with two same-sign leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7 TeV.

A search is presented for gluinos decaying via the supersymmetric partner of the top quark using events with two same-sign leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum. The analysis is performed with 2.05  fb(-1) of integrated luminosity from pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7  TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC.

Observation of spin correlation in tt¯ events from pp collisions at √s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector.

A measurement of spin correlation in tt[over ¯] production is reported using data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.1 fb(-1). Candidate events are selected in the dilepton topology with large missing transverse energy and at least two jets.

Search for production of resonant states in the photon-jet mass distribution using pp collisions at √s=7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector.

This Letter describes a model-independent search for the production of new resonant states in photon+jet events in 2.11 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at √s=7 TeV. We compare the photon+jet mass distribution to a background model derived from data and find consistency with the background-only hypothesis.

Search for tb resonances in proton-proton collisions at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector.

This Letter presents a search for tb resonances in 1.04 fb(-1) of LHC proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. Events with a lepton, missing transverse momentum, and two jets are selected and the invariant mass of the corresponding final state is reconstructed.

Safety and efficacy of antigen-specific regulatory T-cell therapy for patients with refractory Crohn's disease.

Background & Aims: New therapeutic strategies are needed for patients with refractory Crohn's disease (CD). We evaluated data from the Crohn's And Treg Cells Study (CATS1) to determine the safety and efficacy of antigen-specific T-regulatory (Treg) cells for treatment of patients with refractory CD.

Methods: We performed a 12-week, open-label, multicenter, single-injection, escalating-dose, phase 1/2a clinical study in 20 patients with refractory CD.

Search for down-type fourth generation quarks with the ATLAS detector in events with one lepton and hadronically decaying W bosons.

This Letter presents a search for pair production of heavy down-type quarks decaying via b' → Wt in the lepton + jets channel, as b'b' → W- tW+ t → bbW+ W- W+ W- → l± νbbqqqqqq. In addition to requiring exactly one lepton, large missing transverse momentum, and at least six jets, the invariant mass of nearby jet pairs is used to identify high transverse momentum W bosons. In data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.

Search for scalar bottom quark pair production with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7 TeV.

The results of a search for pair production of the scalar partners of bottom quarks in 2.05  fb(-1) of pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7  TeV using the ATLAS experiment are reported. Scalar bottom quarks are searched for in events with large missing transverse momentum and two jets in the final state, where both jets are identified as originating from a bottom quark.

Pulmonary CCL18 recruits human regulatory T cells.

CCL18 is both a constitutively expressed and an inducible chemokine, whose role in the inflammatory reaction is poorly known. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether CCL18 has the capacity to attract human T cells with a regulatory function (regulatory T cells [Treg]). Results from chemotaxis assays performed on different types of Treg showed that CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low) cells, but neither T regulatory type 1 clones nor Treg differentiated in vitro with anti-CD3/CD46 mAbs, were recruited by CCL18 in a dose-dependent manner.

Observation of a new χ(b) state in radiative transitions to Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) at ATLAS.

The χ(b)(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider at sqrt[s] = 7  TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4  fb(-1), these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to Υ(1S,2S) with Υ → μ+ μ-.