Long-term data reveal widespread phenological change across major US estuarine food webs.

Climate change is shifting the timing of organismal life-history events. Although consequential food-web mismatches can emerge if predators and prey shift at different rates, research on phenological shifts has traditionally focused on single trophic levels. Here, we analysed >2000 long-term, monthly time series of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish abundance or biomass for the San Francisco, Chesapeake, and Massachusetts bays.

Popliteal plexus block in total knee arthroplasty: a single-center randomized controlled double-blinded trial.

Introduction: Whether a popliteal plexus block improves postoperative pain following total knee arthroplasty remains debated. This randomized trial tested if adding a popliteal plexus block to a continuous femoral nerve block decreases postoperative opioid requirement.

Methods: We included 66 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.

National Fatality Review Case Reporting System: Twenty Years of Data Collection.

The National Fatality Review Case Reporting System (NFR-CRS) is a web-based data collection tool for child death review and fetal and infant mortality review teams. The NFR-CRS captures information from the multidisciplinary review, including the social and community risk factors that may have impacted the death. The NFR-CRS is a nimble data system that has evolved throughout the past 20 years.

Leveraging the Fetal and Infant Mortality Review (FIMR) Process to Advance Health Equity.

The fetal and infant mortality review (FIMR) process is a community-oriented strategy focused on improving the health services systems for pregnant persons, infants, and their families. FIMR helps communities to understand and change systems that contribute to racial disparities in birth outcomes. FIMR equally values the medical and social services delivery records and the personal narratives of families who have suffered a fetal or infant loss when creating the de-identified case summaries to be reviewed by teams.

Characteristics of logs with signs of oviposition by the polyphagous xylophage Asian longhorned beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

During the eradication program undertaken against Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) in the Greater Toronto Area, information was collected on the numerous signs of injury found on wounded trees. Herein, we used a portion of this information to assess the characteristics of logs with signs of oviposition (i.e.

The Genetic Origin of the Indo-Europeans.

The Yamnaya archaeological complex appeared around 3300BCE across the steppes north of the Black and Caspian Seas, and by 3000BCE reached its maximal extent from Hungary in the west to Kazakhstan in the east. To localize the ancestral and geographical origins of the Yamnaya among the diverse Eneolithic people that preceded them, we studied ancient DNA data from 428 individuals of which 299 are reported for the first time, demonstrating three previously unknown Eneolithic genetic clines. First, a "Caucasus-Lower Volga" (CLV) Cline suffused with Caucasus hunter-gatherer (CHG) ancestry extended between a Caucasus Neolithic southern end in Neolithic Armenia, and a steppe northern end in Berezhnovka in the Lower Volga.

Cage doping of Ti, Zr, and Hf-based 13-atom nanoclusters: two sides of the same coin.

Transition metal nanoclusters can exhibit unique and tunable properties which result not only from their chemical composition but also from their atomic packing and quantized electronic structures. Here, we introduce a promising family of bimetallic TM@Ti, TM@Zr, and TM@Hf nanoclusters with icosahedral geometry, where TM represents an atom from groups 3 to 12. Density functional theory calculations show that their stability can be explained with familiar concepts of metal cluster electronic and atomic shell structures.

Generative adversarial networks for anonymous acneic face dataset generation.

It is well known that the performance of any classification model is effective if the dataset used for the training process and the test process satisfy some specific requirements. In other words, the more the dataset size is large, balanced, and representative, the more one can trust the proposed model's effectiveness and, consequently, the obtained results. Unfortunately, large-size anonymous datasets are generally not publicly available in biomedical applications, especially those dealing with pathological human face images.

Nudges and Prompts Increase Engagement in Self-Guided Digital Health Treatment for Depression and Anxiety: Results From a 3-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Accessible and effective approaches to mental health treatment are important because of common barriers such as cost, stigma, and provider shortage. The effectiveness of self-guided treatment is well established, and its use has intensified because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Engagement remains important as dose-response relationships have been observed.

Spectrally refined unbiased Monte Carlo estimate of the Earth's global radiative cooling.

The Earth's radiative cooling is a key driver of climate. Determining how it is affected by greenhouse gas concentration is a core question in climate-change sciences. Due to the complexity of radiative transfer processes, current practices to estimate this cooling require the development and use of a suite of radiative transfer models whose accuracy diminishes as we move from local, instantaneous estimates to global estimates over the whole globe and over long periods of time (decades).

Haplotype-based inference of recent effective population size in modern and ancient DNA samples.

Individuals sharing recent ancestors are likely to co-inherit large identical-by-descent (IBD) genomic regions. The distribution of these IBD segments in a population may be used to reconstruct past demographic events such as effective population size variation, but accurate IBD detection is difficult in ancient DNA data and in underrepresented populations with limited reference data. In this work, we introduce an accurate method for inferring effective population size variation during the past ~2000 years in both modern and ancient DNA data, called HapNe.

Rapid and Accurate Diagnosis of Dermatophyte Infections Using the DendrisCHIP Technology.

Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection with an ever-increasing number of patients. Culture-based mycology remains the most commonly used diagnosis, but it takes around four weeks to identify the causative agent. Therefore, routine clinical laboratories need rapid, high throughput, and accurate species-specific analytical methods for diagnosis and therapeutic management.

Apparent Failures in Interpretation of Interfacial Characterization When Formulating Emulsions Stabilized by Cellulose Nanocrystals.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are sustainable particles that are effective at stabilizing emulsions by adsorbing at droplet interfaces and providing a steric barrier to coalescence. However, CNCs have surface charges that reduce the coverage of the emulsion droplets due to the electrostatic repulsion between CNCs. In such cases, adding salt is a typical (and straightforward) way to adjust the formulation so that the charges are screened, allowing increased coverage of the droplets.

Wave-scattering processes: path-integrals designed for the numerical handling of complex geometries.

Relying on Feynman-Kac path-integral methodology, we present a new statistical perspective on wave single-scattering by complex three-dimensional objects. The approach is implemented on three models-Schiff approximation, Born approximation, and rigorous Born series-and familiar interpretative difficulties such as the analysis of moments over scatterer distributions (size, orientation, shape, etc.) are addressed.

Mapping the abundance of endemic mosquito-borne diseases vectors in southern Quebec.

Background: Climate change is increasing the dispersion of mosquitoes and the spread of viruses of which some mosquitoes are the main vectors. In Quebec, the surveillance and management of endemic mosquito-borne diseases, such as West Nile virus or Eastern equine encephalitis, could be improved by mapping the areas of risk supporting vector populations. However, there is currently no active tool tailored to Quebec that can predict mosquito population abundances, and we propose, with this work, to help fill this gap.

Cognitive exertion affects the appraisal of one's own and other people's pain.

Correctly evaluating others' pain is a crucial prosocial ability. In both clinical and private settings, caregivers assess their other people's pain, sometimes under the effect of poor sleep and high workload and fatigue. However, the effect played by such cognitive strain in the appraisal of others' pain remains unclear.

Coupling radiative, conductive and convective heat-transfers in a single Monte Carlo algorithm: A general theoretical framework for linear situations.

It was recently shown that radiation, conduction and convection can be combined within a single Monte Carlo algorithm and that such an algorithm immediately benefits from state-of-the-art computer-graphics advances when dealing with complex geometries. The theoretical foundations that make this coupling possible are fully exposed for the first time, supporting the intuitive pictures of continuous thermal paths that run through the different physics at work. First, the theoretical frameworks of propagators and Green's functions are used to demonstrate that a coupled model involving different physical phenomena can be probabilized.

Isolation controls reestablishment mechanisms and post-drying community structure in an intermittent stream.

Biota in disturbance-prone landscapes have evolved a variety of strategies to persist long term, either locally (resistance) or by regional recolonization (resilience). Habitat fragmentation and isolation can limit the availability of recolonization pathways, and thus the dynamics of post-disturbance community reestablishment. However, empirical studies on how isolation may control the mechanisms that enable community recovery remain scarce.

Testing Behavioral Nudges and Prompts in Digital Courses for the Self-guided Treatment of Depression and Anxiety: Protocol for a 3-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Despite showing strong evidence of positive outcomes, a common problem in the field of digital health is poor engagement and adherence. Non-health care, for-profit digital ventures, such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter, conduct behavioral experiments to increase user engagement. To our knowledge, digital health organizations have not published similar types of experiments in ad libitum environments, and there are limited published data indicating whether nudges and prompts can be leveraged to increase engagement with digital health interventions.

The "teapot in a city": A paradigm shift in urban climate modeling.

Urban areas are a high-stake target of climate change mitigation and adaptation measures. To understand, predict, and improve the energy performance of cities, the scientific community develops numerical models that describe how they interact with the atmosphere through heat and moisture exchanges at all scales. In this review, we present recent advances that are at the origin of last decade's revolution in computer graphics, and recent breakthroughs in statistical physics that extend well-established path-integral formulations to nonlinear coupled models.

Drought and nutrient pollution produce multiple interactive effects in stream ecosystems.

Drought and nutrient pollution can affect the dynamics of stream ecosystems in diverse ways. While the individual effects of both stressors are broadly examined in the literature, we still know relatively little about if and how these stressors interact. Here, we performed a mesocosm experiment that explores the compounded effects of seasonal drought via water withdrawals and nutrient pollution (1.

Performance and pre-analytical stability of self-collected samples versus clinician cervical samples for the detection of HPV16, HPV18 and a pool of 12 other HPV types on the Roche Cobas 8800 System.

This study aimed to validate the agreement between human papillomavirus (HPV) tests self-collected samples versus clinician cervical specimens, and the pre-analytical stability of self-sampling. One hundred and fifty-seven women aged between 25 and 65 years who presented to the gynaecological department of the "CLEMENTVILLE" clinic in Montpellier voluntarily participated in HPV screening by self-sampling. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the presence of HPV16, HPV18 and a pool of 12 other HPV types on the Roche Cobas 8800 System.