Evaluation of inter-professional seminar involving patient-partners and caregivers.

Objective: To assess the contribution of interprofessional education (IPE) for pre-graduate students from eight study branches. These seminars had patient-partners and caregivers as co-facilitators for reflexive conversations, with educational goals of learning interprofessional communication and involving patients in decision-making.

Methods: A pre/post seminar comparison with 2 questionnaires about the students' professional identity, multidisciplinary collaboration and patients' involvement, and the richness of stakeholders' definitions.

Spatiotemporal brain signal associated with high and low levels of proactive motor response inhibition.

Proactive motor response inhibition is used to strategically restrain actions in preparation for stopping. In this study, we first examined the event related potential (ERP) elicited by low and high level of proactive response inhibition, as assessed by the stop-signal task. Corroborating previous studies, we found an increased amplitude of the contingent negative variation (CNV) in the high level of proactive inhibition.

The impact of self-control cues on subsequent monetary risk-taking.

Background And Aims: The "process-model" of self-control proposes that the ego-depletion effect is better explained by a switch between interest in "have-to" labor and cognitive "want-to" leisure, rather than being mainly due to a decrease in cognitive resources, as advanced by the "strength-model" of self-control. However, it is currently difficult to disentangle the "process-model" from the "strength-model" of self-control. Here, we employed a stepwise approach, featuring three studies, for testing the process model of self-control.

Proactive and Reactive Motor Inhibition in Top Athletes Versus Nonathletes.

We examined proactive (early restraint in preparation for stopping) and reactive (late correction to stop ongoing action) motor response inhibition in two groups of participants: professional athletes ( n = 28) and nonathletes ( n = 25). We recruited the elite athletes from Belgian national taekwondo and fencing teams. We estimated proactive and reactive inhibition with a modified version of the stop-signal task (SST) in which participants inhibited categorizing left/right arrows.

Implementation Intention for Initiating Intuitive Eating and Active Embodiment in Obese Patients Using a Smartphone Application.

This article describes a study protocol, which aims to explore and describe the feasibility of a mobile-phone application for initiating intuitive eating and intuitive exercising in patients who are following an ambulatory treatment for obesity. Intuitive eating refers to one's ability to make food choices based on one's awareness of his/her body's response. Intuitive exercising encourages people in finding enjoyable ways of being physically active.

Examination of the validity and reliability of the French version of the Brief Self-Control Scale.

This study aims to develop and to validate a French version of the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS; Tangney et al., 2004). This instrument is usually applied as a unidimensional self-report measure for assessing trait self-control, which captures one's dispositional ability to resist short-term temptation in order to reach more valuable long-term goals.

[Doping, sport and addiction--any links?].

Sport is widely encouraged as it is beneficial for health. However, high-performance sport is more and more associated to rather suspicious practices; doping is one of the best example. From a physician point of view, the use of doping agents is obviously a major concern because taking such products often induce serious adverse effects on health.

[Factorial study of the psychopathological factors of morbid obesity in the adolescent].

Background: The prevalence of paediatric obesity is high in most countries. Added to this, the degree of paediatric obesity is also on the rise. It is however to be noted that although the psychological causes of the problem are well known, they remain difficult to assess.

[Imaging of temporo-mandibular disorders].

Dominated for years by standard films (tomographic mouth open and mouth closed X-rays, MRI) radiographs of the TMJ have progressively lost their usefulness to diagnosticians who have progressively increased their reliance on well codified clinical examinations, which suffice in a great majority of cases.The indications for and diagnostic worth of radiological studies and the impact they have on the management of TMJ disorders are today quite low especially when the high cost of procedures like MRI, computerized tomography, and CBCT is taken into account. In this article we discuss the various maladies that dentists might encounter and the situations in which radiological examinations are still indicated.

[Indications for radiography in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics].

The risks associated with the use of ionizing radiation are a constant concern not only for practitioners but also for legislators who have included this ethical rule in the Code of public safety. It proposes reduction of risks by insisting that all X-Rays be taken only when they accord with one of the fundamental principles of X-Ray protection: they must be justified by clear diagnostic need. In direct application of this principle the French government in 2006 published a guide for the management of radiological and dental and stomatological examinations.

[Measurement errors in 3D cephalometrics: about the buccal cranio-facial analysis].

The development of three-dimensional radiological techniques generating low levels of radiation, like computed tomography and positron emission tomography with cone beam, has made it possible for orthodontists to utilize three dimensional cephalometry for certain complex clinical cases instead of conventional two dimensional imagery. Nevertheless, these new techniques rely on the identification of the most dependable anatomic landmarks. Fifteen randomly selected orthodontists were asked to identify on a computed tomography film 33 points that were chosen for a buccal cranio-facial analysis because they have been traditionally recognized for their reproducibility.

[Measurement errors in 2D cephalometrics].

The objective of this study is to analyze the influence that two parameters, the source-subject distance and the type of receptor, have on the precision of localization of the 19 most frequently employed cephalometric landmark points and then to analyze the repercussions of localization errors on cephalometric measurements. The correct use of profile cephalograms (norma lateralis) for clinical purposes depends essentially on the precision of the identification and localization of the different landmark points that are required for the elaboration of the various cephalometric analyses. For this study we asked 53 orthodontists, selected at random, to identify 19 cephalometric points on standard profile or digitized films taken at distances of 1 m 50 or of 4 m.

[Useful radiological techniques in orthodontics].

Specialists in dento-facial orthopedics have a large range of dental radiological techniques at their disposal to help them in their diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Peri-apical, occlusal, panoramic, and cephalometric X-Rays are two-dimensional techniques that orthodontists can complement, if necessary, with Multi slices CT scan or Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Orthodontists must apply and respect quality criteria for each type of film in order to derive the best information from every image and to avoid producing artifacts or false images that will reduce their diagnostic value and, accordingly, the service that they render to patients.

[Radiation Protection in Orthodontics: relevant data].

For the past 30 years X-Ray images have effected a veritable revolution in medical practice. Using them practitioners cannot only make reliable and precise diagnoses when they begin a course of treatment but also accurately follow the progress of therapy. Orthodontics is one of the specialties that has benefited from the innovations in medical radiography.

Tool use as a way to assess cognition: how do captive chimpanzees handle the weight of the hammer when cracking a nut?

Tool use in apes has been considered a landmark in cognition. However, while most studies concentrate on mental operations, there are very few studies of apes' cognition as expressed in manual skills. This paper proposes theoretical and methodological considerations on movement analysis as a way of assessing primate cognition.

Experimental evaluation of bone quality measuring speed of sound in cadaver mandibles.

Objectives: To demonstrate in vitro the feasibility of speed of sound (SOS) measurements through the mandible and to investigate the relationships between mandibular SOS, local bone mineral density (BMD), and the ratio between trabecular and cortical thicknesses (Tb.Th/Cort.Th).

Validation of a chemical osteoarthritis model in rabbit temporomandibular joint: a compliment to biomechanical models.

To explore degenerative mechanisms occurring in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a chemical model of knee joint osteoarthritis using sodium mono-iodoacetate injection was transposed to the TMJ. Twelve New Zealand rabbits were used to document the effect of this drug on the TMJ. Eight rabbits underwent bilateral iodoacetate injection in the disco-condylar compartment while 4 served as controls.

Histologic changes associated with experimental partial anterior disc displacement in the rabbit temporomandibular joint.

Aims: To correlate histologic changes with the stress developed by various disc interferences via a model of partial anterior disc displacement in the rabbit temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

Methods: Eighteen male New Zealand rabbits were operated on to expose the temporomandibular disc without severing its attachments. A suture was passed around the lateral part of the disc over the condylar attachments and the 2 strands were fixed in the orbital cavity.

Anatomic and mechanical properties of the lateral disc attachment of the temporomandibular joint.

Purpose: This study measured the strength to failure of the human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) lateral disc attachment (LDA) using a tension-compression machine. These data were correlated with the LDA location and its morphologic aspects, the age and sex of the subjects, and the amount of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) inserted in the disc.

Methods: Forty-two TMJs without any obvious internal damage were carefully dissected to preserve the LDA.

MR of 732 TMJs: anterior, rotational, partial and sideways disc displacements.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of anterior, sideways, rotational and partial anterior disc displacements, as well as degenerative changes in patients with clinical signs and symptoms of internal disorders.

Materials And Methods: 732 MR Images of temporomandibular joints (TMJ) were produced for 366 symptomatic patients. Image analysis included assessment of disc positions and mobility, as well as recapture in coronal and mediolaterally divided sagittal planes in closed and open positions.

Innervation of the human lateral pterygoid muscle.

The one- or two-headed arrangement of the lateral pterygoid m. (LPM) was analysed by studying the motor nerve distribution within the muscular tissue. In all subjects, the main innervation of the lateral pterygoid m.

[MRI study of temporomandibular joint disk behavior in chilren with hyperpropulsion appliances].

Orthodontic and orthopaedic effects of hyperpropulsors have been studied, evaluating the possible adaptation of the temporo mandibular joint. Before the event of MR imaging, the positional modification of the disc could not be seen. The study has been carried out on 15 subjects, skeletal Class II, with a mean age of 11.

Kinetic magnetic resonance imaging analysis of swallowing: a new approach to pharyngeal function.

The emergence of turbo-FLASH MR sequences allows us to acquire five 10-mm sections each second and thus to catch images of the soft tissues during function. One can trace the pathway of a liquid between the tongue, the soft palate, the epiglottis and the pharyngeal apparatus and analysis the role of the anatomic structures during swallowing. Restricted to the sagittal plane for the purpose of this preliminary study, this technique can be extended to the other planes to provide a three-dimensional analysis of oropharyngeal function or dysfunction.

[The temporomandibular joint meniscus in MRI].

The continuing improvement of the MRI's equipment and software led us to a continuous adaptation of the exam technique. We use today a bilateral coil technique, 3 inches in diameter. Four slices are performed for each articulation (4 mm thick) in the true sagittal plane.