Central Nervous System Tuberculoma in the Corpus Callosum Mimicking a Butterfly Glioma: Literature Review of Radiological Findings and Our Experience.

Context: Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculoma is the most common form of intracranial parenchymal tuberculosis (TB) which accounts for approximately 40% of misdiagnosed brain lesions mimicking intracranial tumors. The most common sites are the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and brainstem.

Materials And Methods: Radiological findings of corpus callosum tuberculomas have been described and set in relation with the available literature.

Giant tuberculoma of the corpus callosum, the unforeseen diagnosis.

Objective: Isolated intracranial tuberculomas are rare, especially in adults and it is not uncommon that they are easily confused with other diseases. To address this issue, we reported a case of a tuberculoma of the corpus callosum focusing on clinical characteristics, diagnostic clues, and outcome.

Conclusions: Intracranial masses are frequently targeted as neoplastic pathology with surgical treatment in most cases.

Endodermal Cysts of the Central Nervous System: Review of the Literature and a Case Report.

Context: Endodermal cysts are rare benign developmental cysts lined by mucin-secreting and/or ciliated, cuboidal, or columnar epithelium of probably endodermal origin.

Aims: Endodermal cysts are rarely intracranial, frequently located in the posterior fossa. Supratentorial location is the most infrequent and only few cases are reported in the literature, included our case.

Intramedullary Metastasis to the Cervical Spinal Cord from Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Review of the Literature and Case Reports.

Context: Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive tumor; median survival of patients following diagnosis is 12 months.

Aims: Pleural malignant mesothelioma tends to spread along preexisting tissue planes and has the rare ability to spread along the nerve root into the spinal cord. In our case, there is an evidence of exceptional direct hematogenous spread to the spinal cord by the spinal branch of the intercostal arteries or the veins of Batson's plexus.

Infection with Spinal Instrumentation: A 20-Year, Single-Institution Experience with Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Management.

Objective And Importance: Instrumentation has become an integral component in the management of various spinal pathologies. The rate of infection varies from 2% to 20% of all instrumented spinal procedures. Postoperative spinal implant infection places patients at risk for pseudo-arthrosis, correction loss, spondylodiscitis, and adverse neurological sequelae and increases health-care costs.

World Health Organization Grade III Supratentorial Extraventricular Ependymomas in Adults: Case Series and Review of Treatment Modalities.

Context: Supratentorial ependymomas and their anaplastic variants are relatively uncommon central nervous system neoplasms that afflict both adults and children.

Aims: Discuss the clinical and pathological features of patients with anaplastic ependymomas involving an extraventricular supratentorial location and review modalities and options of treatment for those rare tumors.

Settings And Design: Whereas the treatment algorithm in the pediatric population is well established, however, treatment in the adult population is less defined.

Neurosurgical Management of Parasagittal and Falcine Meningiomas: Judicious Modern Optimization of the Results in a 100-Case Study.

Context: The management of parasagittal and falcine meningiomas centers around the relationship between the tumor and the venous anatomy of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and the bridging veins.

Aims: The present study aims to address neurosurgical outcomes in a cohort of patients with parasagittal and falcine meningiomas >2.0 cm in the largest diameter, in which a neurosurgical/multidisciplinary treatment was considered.

Antibody/receptor protein immunocomplex in human and mouse cortical nerve endings amplifies complement-induced glutamate release.

Previous studies have demonstrated that complement alone releases glutamate from human and mouse cortical terminals in an antibody-independent manner. In order to expand our knowledge on complement-mediated effects, we investigated whether the presence of an antigen-antibody complex in synaptosomal plasmamembranes could also trigger complement-induced functional responses that might affect neurotransmitter release. To this aim, we focused on the chemokine 5 receptor (CCR5) expressed in human and mouse cortical glutamate terminals, whose activation by CCL5 elicits [(3)H]D-aspartate ([(3)H]D-ASP) release.

Petrous bone epidermoid cyst caused by penetrating injury to the external ear: Case report and review of literature.

Epidermoid cysts are histologically benign, slow-growing congenital neoplasms of the central nervous system that may arise from retained ectodermal implants. The epidermoid lesions are generally caused during the 3(rd) to 5(th) week of gestation by an incomplete cleavage of the neural tissue from the cutaneous ectoderm, though it can also happen later in life due to introduction of skin elements by skin puncture, trauma or surgery. We present this unique case of a petromastoid epidermoid cyst associated with ipsilateral cerebellar abscesses, presenting 20 years after a penetrating trauma to the external auditory canal.

Characterization of glioma stem cells through multiple stem cell markers and their specific sensitization to double-strand break-inducing agents by pharmacological inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein.

Previous studies have shown that tumor-driving glioma stem cells (GSC) may promote radio-resistance by constitutive activation of the DNA damage response started by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein. We have investigated whether GSC may be specifically sensitized to ionizing radiation by inhibiting the DNA damage response. Two grade IV glioma cell lines (BORRU and DR177) were characterized for a number of immunocytochemical, karyotypic, proliferative and differentiative parameters.

Peritumoral and intratumoral hemorrhage after stereotactic radiosurgery for renal cell carcinoma metastasis to the brain.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS), provides in a single session, a high dose of radiation to a localized brain tumor volume. Acute adverse reactions after treatment are not uncommon, but are usually transient and generally are well controlled by medication. The authors wish to report this rare complication of intratumoral and peritumoral hemorrhage immediately after LINAC SRS treatment of single temporal lobe metastasis from renal cell carcinoma and discuss plausible causes for this case and its management.

RANTES modulates the release of glutamate in human neocortex.

The effects of the recombinant chemokine human RANTES (hRANTES) on the release of glutamate from human neocortex glutamatergic nerve endings were investigated. hRANTES facilitated the spontaneous release of d [(3)H]D-aspartate ([(3)H]DASP-) by binding Pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), whose activation caused Ca(2+) mobilization from inositol trisphosphate-sensitive stores and cytosolic tyrosine kinase-mediated phosphorylations. Facilitation of release switched to inhibition when the effects of hRANTES on the 12 mM K(+)-evoked [(3)H]D-ASP exocytosis were studied.