The Effect of Quercetin on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and the Role of Beclin1, P62, and LC3: An Experimental Study.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major metabolic disorder with no established pharmacotherapy. Quercetin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, demonstrates potential hepatoprotective effects but has limited bioavailability. This study evaluates the impact of quercetin on NAFLD and assesses the roles of autophagy-related proteins in disease progression.

Inflammation-attenuating effect of carbon dioxide versus room-air environment in a rat laparotomy model.

Background: The mechanism by which laparoscopic operations induce lower post-operative inflammatory response compared to open surgery was investigated with regard to the effect of the type of gas environment.

Methods: Rats were subjected to midline laparotomy at either CO (group CO) or room-air environment (group Air) or to anesthesia only (group Control) under atmospheric pressure conditions. At various timepoints after surgery (1, 3, 6, 24, or 48 h), the expression of inflammation biomarkers interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and nuclear factor-κΒ (NFκΒ) were assessed immunohistochemically in tissue samples excised from the liver, intestine, and kidneys, accompanied by histopathologic analysis, and their levels were measured by ELISA in blood samples.

Eugenol Reduced ΜPO, CD45 and HMGB1 Expression and Attenuated the Expression of Leukocyte Infiltration Markers in the Intestinal Tissue in Biliopancreatic Duct Ligation-Induced Pancreatitis in Rats.

: Inflammation and dysregulation in the intestinal barrier function in acute pancreatitis (AP) trigger pancreatic lesions, systemic inflammatory response, and multiple organ dysfunction. Eugenol, as the main component of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We studied the potentially beneficial effect of eugenol in a rodent model of biliopancreatic duct ligation-induced AP.

Differential effects of cisplatin combined with the flavonoid apigenin on HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7 liver cancer cell lines.

The potential of apigenin (APG) to enhance cisplatin's (CDDP) chemotherapeutic efficacy was investigated in HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7 liver cancer cell lines. The presence of 20 μM APG sensitized all cell lines to CDDP treatment (degree of sensitization based on the MTT assay: HepG2>Huh7>Hep3B). As reflected by sister chromatid exchange levels, the degree of genetic instability as well as DNA repair by homologous recombination differed among cell lines.

The Use of Pistacia Lentiscus Chia Resin Versus Omeprazole in Protecting Male Rats Peptic Mucosa Against Cold Restraint Stress.

Introduction: Peptic mucosal damage induced by acute stress is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. The study aimed to investigate the protective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of pretreatment with Chios mastic gum (CMG), a traditionally consumed herbal resin naturally deriving from the trunk of Pistacia Lentiscus var. Chia compared to Omeprazole, a standard medication used in the prevention and treatment of gastritis, against the effects of cold restraint stress (CRS) in rat gastric and colonic mucosa.

Serum profiles of M30, M65 and interleukin-17 compared with C-reactive protein in patients with mild and severe acute pancreatitis.

Background: Several studies state that a test of severity early in the course of acute pancreatitis is still needed. In this prospective study, an assay of the biomarkers M30 and M65 as well as of interleukin 17 (IL-17) is investigated.

Methods: One hundred and fifty patients and 70 controls were evaluated.

The effects of apigenin on the expression of Fas/FasL apoptotic pathway in warm liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Background: The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the role of apigenin in liver apoptosis, in an experimental model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats (apigenin and control groups), 14 to 16 weeks old and weighing 220 to 350 g, were used. They were all subjected to hepatic ischemia by occlusion of the hepatic artery and portal vein for 45 minutes and reperfusion was followed for 60, 120, and 240 minutes.

Soluble E-cadherin as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in gastric carcinoma.

Objective: Modifications in E-cadherin (E-Cad) expression are associated with dedifferentiation, progression, metastases and poor prognosis in many types of tumors. The aim of the present study was to identify a potential association of the pre- and post-operative soluble E-Cad levels (sE-Cad) with the clinicopathological parameters of patients with gastric cancer.

Patients And Methods: Serum sE-Cad levels were determined in 99 gastric cancer patients and 78 healthy volunteers using ELISA.

Mycotoxins' activity at toxic and sub-toxic concentrations: differential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of single and combined administration of sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin A and citrinin on the hepatocellular cancer cell line Hep3B.

Food safety organizations indicate the likelihood of constant human and animal exposure to mycotoxin mixtures as a possible negative public health impact. Risk assessment demonstrates that certain mycotoxins of Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. are toxic and hold a significant genotoxic efficacy at nanomolar concentrations.

Time course changes of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins in apigenin-induced genotoxicity.

Background: Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone, AP), an active component of many medicinal Chinese herbs, exhibits anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo. This study aims to investigate the genotoxic, cytostatic, and cytotoxic effects of AP and time course changes in the levels of anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins involved in the DNA damage response in HepG2 cells.

Methods: The genotoxic potential of AP was determined by sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) analysis.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors mediate opposing effects in cholestasis-induced liver cell apoptosis.

CRH receptors are expressed in human and rat liver. The current study investigated the biological role of the CRH system in the hepatocellular apoptotic process and aimed to reveal the responsible molecular mechanisms. Using a rat experimental model of common bile duct surgical ligation leading to obstructive jaundice and cholestasis, liver apoptosis was induced in the hepatic parenchyma as confirmed by the elevated expression of the early apoptotic neoepitope M30.

Antineoplastic and cytogenetic effects of chlorpromazine on human lymphocytes in vitro and on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vivo.

The inhibitory effect of phenothiazines in tumor growth and cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo has been established. These reports motivated us to investigate the genotoxic, cytotoxic, and cytostatic potential of chlorpromazine, alone or in combination with mitomycin C, in vitro and in vivo. Sister chromatid exchange levels were assessed providing a quantitative index of genotoxicity.

Bacterial translocation in a rat model of large volume hepatic radiofrequency ablation.

Background: In this experimental study, we investigated the possibility of bacterial translocation, constituting a potential cause of infectious complications, after performing large volume hepatic radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Materials And Methods: Wistar rats were subjected to RFA of the left median liver lobe (approximately 28.5% of the liver volume) after midline laparotomy.

Supplementation of melatonin protects human lymphocytes in vitro from the genotoxic activity of melphalan.

Melatonin (MLT) is a natural oncostatic factor of the human body as well as an antioxidant thus protects the nuclear DNA from oxidative damage. It also has the ability to reduce the side effects of various drugs when used as a combination therapy. The anti-neoplastic agent melphalan (MEL), which encompasses a number of side effects, is a strong alkylating agent and a potent inducer of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs).

DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations in various types of male factor infertility.

Objective: To understand and delineate the nature and level of DNA damage in association to semen parameters in infertile men.

Design: A prospective experimental study.

Setting: Alexandroupolis University General Hospital.

Induction of CYP1A and cyp2-mediated arachidonic acid epoxygenation and suppression of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by imidazole derivatives including the aromatase inhibitor vorozole.

Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes metabolize the membrane lipid arachidonic acid to stable biologically active epoxides [eicosatrienoic acids (EETs)] and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). These products have cardiovascular activity, primarily acting as vasodilators and vasoconstrictors, respectively. EET formation can be increased by the prototype CYP1A or CYP2 inducers, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or phenobarbital (PB), respectively.

Evidence of increased chromosomal instability in infertile males after exposure to mitomycin C and caffeine.

Aim: To evaluate the genetic instability of 11 fertile and 25 infertile men.

Methods: The methodology of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) was applied to cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the levels of SCEss were analyzed as a quantitative index of genotoxicity, along with the values of the mitotic index (MI) and the proliferation rate index (PRI) as qualitative indices of cytotoxicity and cytostaticity, respectively. The genotoxic and antineoplastic agent, mitomycin C (MMC), and caffeine (CAF)--both well-known inhibitors of DNA repair mechanism--were used in an attempt to induce chromosomal instability in infertile men, so as to more easily detect the probable underlying damage on DNA.