Experiences of African women who migrate to a developed country and encounter intimate partner violence: a systematic review of qualitative evidence.

Objective: The objective of this review was to synthesize the available evidence on the experiences of African women who migrated to a developed country and encountered intimate partner violence (IPV).

Introduction: IPV is a significant public health issue, and migrant women living in developed countries are particularly vulnerable to IPV, experiencing disproportionately higher rates of IPV. Understanding the experiences of these women can inform health policy and decision-making in clinical practice to minimize IPV.

Mailed smoking cessation support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who smoke: protocol for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness - implementation trial.

Introduction: Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and the single most significant risk behaviour contributing to adverse health conditions among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. There is an urgent need for innovative approaches to support reductions in smoking prevalence. This study will assess the implementation and effectiveness of a mailed smoking cessation support programme that includes nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) () for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

Melatonin Low-Dose for Prevention of Delirium in Critically Ill Patients: A Multi-centre, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Feasibility Trial (MELLOW).

Background: Delirium is a common and serious syndrome of acute brain dysfunction associated with negative outcomes. Melatonin may have a role in delirium prevention for critically ill adults based on data from non-critically ill patient populations. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of a multi-centre, randomized, placebo-controlled trial testing the hypothesis that low-dose melatonin prevents delirium in critically ill adults.

"Atlanta Is Like Wakanda… but With Real Big, Big Issues": A Focus Group Study of Community Strengths and Health Issues in Diverse Groups in Atlanta, Georgia.

Background And Objectives: This qualitative study explored perceived community strengths and health issues among 3 underserved and under-studied populations in the Atlanta, Georgia-older adults, Black or African American persons, and refugees/immigrants/migrants.

Methods: Eight focus groups were conducted with 92 participants who were members of the 3 populations in Atlanta between November 2022 and March 2023.

Results: Although there were variations among groups, all groups emphasized diversity within their community as the foundation of community strength.

Intracerebroventricular B7-H3-targeting CAR T cells for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: a phase 1 trial.

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a fatal central nervous system (CNS) tumor that confers a median survival of 11 months. As B7-H3 is expressed on pediatric CNS tumors, we conducted BrainChild-03, a single-center, dose-escalation phase 1 clinical trial of repetitive intracerebroventricular (ICV) dosing of B7-H3-targeting chimeric antigen receptor T cells (B7-H3 CAR T cells) for children with recurrent or refractory CNS tumors and DIPG. Here we report results from Arm C, restricted to patients with DIPG.

The importance of peripheral populations in the face of novel environmental change.

Anthropogenically driven environmental change has imposed substantial threats on biodiversity, including the emergence of infectious diseases that have resulted in declines of wildlife globally. In response to pathogen invasion, maintaining diversity within host populations across heterogenous environments is essential to facilitating species persistence. White-nose syndrome is an emerging fungal pathogen that has caused mass mortalities of hibernating bats across North America.

Safety and Efficacy of Initiating Parenteral Nutrition at Home, Home Start PN, in Advanced Peritoneal Metastasis.

Background: Patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis often experience intestinal failure throughout the course of their disease, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) can be used as a temporary solution or as a bridge to definitive cytoreductive surgery. Guidelines for TPN are well established for inpatients and in 2014, guidelines were established for the initiation of TPN for outpatients in a home setting. However, the safety and efficacy of home start TPN in advanced oncology patients remain unknown.

Selumetinib in adults with NF1 and inoperable plexiform neurofibroma: a phase 2 trial.

The MEK inhibitor selumetinib induces objective responses and provides clinical benefit in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and inoperable plexiform neurofibromas (PNs). To evaluate whether similar outcomes were possible in adult patients, in whom PN growth is generally slower than in pediatric patients, we conducted an open-label phase 2 study of selumetinib in adults with NF1 PNs. The study was designed to evaluate objective response rate (primary objective), tumor volumetric responses, patient-reported outcomes and pharmacodynamic effects in PN biopsies.

Parental and family presence are essential: A qualitative study of children's lived experiences with family presence in pediatric intensive care.

Objective: To better understand critically ill children's lived experiences with family presence in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Study Design: This qualitative, interpretive phenomenological study is grounded in a Childhood Ethics ontology. We recruited children (aged 6-17 years) admitted to one of four participating Canadian PICUs between November 2021-July 2022 using maximum variation sampling.

Host genetics maps to behaviour and brain structure in developmental mice.

Gene-environment interactions in the postnatal period have a long-term impact on neurodevelopment. To effectively assess neurodevelopment in the mouse, we developed a behavioural pipeline that incorporates several validated behavioural tests to measure translationally relevant milestones of behaviour in mice. The behavioral phenotype of 1060 wild type and genetically-modified mice was examined followed by structural brain imaging at 4 weeks of age.

From motion to emotion: exploring challenging behaviors in autism spectrum disorder through analysis of wearable physiology and movement.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of wearable physiology and movement sensors in identifying a spectrum of challenging behaviors, including self-injurious behavior (SIB), in children and teenagers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in real-world settings.

Approach: We utilized a long-short-term memory (LSTM) network with features derived using the wavelet scatter transform to analyze physiological biosignals, including electrodermal activity and skin temperature, alongside three-dimensional movement data captured via accelerometers. The study was conducted in naturalistic environments, focusing on participants' daily activities.

Sex- and brain region-specific alterations in brain volume in germ-free mice.

Several lines of evidence demonstrate that microbiota influence brain development. Using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), this study examined the impact of microbiota status on brain volume and revealed microbiota-related differences that were sex and brain region dependent. Cortical and hippocampal regions demonstrate increased sensitivity to microbiota status during the first 5 weeks of postnatal life, effects that were greater in male germ-free mice.

Leukoreduction in a dog with acute leukemia.

A 9-year-old male castrated golden retriever cross was evaluated for an acute onset of ataxia. A complete blood count revealed marked leukocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Leukocytosis was characterized by marked lymphocytosis, monocytosis, neutropenia, and eosinopenia.

Opioid Treatment Is Associated with Recurrent Healthcare Visits, Increased Side Effects, and Pain.

Introduction: Pain is a major driver of visits to the emergency department (ED). Clinicians must consider not only the efficacy of treatment options but also subsequent healthcare utilization and patient-centered outcomes such as side effects from prescribed medications. Our goal in this study was to determine whether there was an association between acute pain treatment regimen (opioids, intranasal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], or both) and unscheduled healthcare visits following ED discharge.

Prognostic Significance of Biointegration at the Optic-Cornea Joint in Keratoprosthesis Implantation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize the morphological and immunological aspects of biointegration at the optic-cornea joint of a second-generation synthetic corneal device.

Methods: The initial prototype, single-piece optic-skirt configuration, is constructed from compact and flexible perfluoroalkoxy alkane with porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) overlying the skirt to allow skirt-cornea biointegration. The second-generation version was modified to add ePTFE around the optic wall to allow optic-cornea biointegration.

Indications and Outcomes for Tracheostomies in Pediatric Oncology Patients-A Single Center Study.

Background: Children with cancer face a high risk of complications including prolonged mechanical ventilation requiring tracheostomies. While tracheostomies have been demonstrated to be a generally safe procedure, there remain significant rare complications and a paucity of literature addressing outcomes specifically for pediatric patients with cancer. The objective of this study was to characterize pediatric patients with cancer who underwent tracheostomies and describe their indications and outcomes for length of stay, decannulation, and complications.

Tuning the morphology and energy levels in organic solar cells with metal-organic framework nanosheets.

Metal-organic framework nanosheets (MONs) have proved themselves to be useful additives for enhancing the performance of a variety of thin film solar cell devices. However, to date only isolated examples have been reported. In this work we take advantage of the modular structure of MONs in order to resolve the effect of their different structural and optoelectronic features on the performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices.

Family member experience with restricted family presence in Canadian PICUs: an interpretive descriptive study.

Purpose: We performed this study to explore family member experiences with restrictions to family presence during their child's PICU admission, leveraging the unique context of the COVID-19 pandemic to aid in future ethical and informed decision-making.

Methods: Qualitative interpretive descriptive study with family members of Canadian PICU patients admitted from March 2020 to April 2021 who experienced restricted family presence (RFP) policies. Respondents were purposively sampled for demographic-based maximum variation.

Aqueous copper geochemistry shapes the sediment microbial resistome in a recovering stream.

Aqueous metals are pervasive contaminants associated with historical mining. We produced and examined 16 metagenomes from a contaminated creek to investigate how anthropogenic metal contamination shapes the functional profiles of microbial communities. We then incorporated the metagenomic profiles and concurrently collected geochemical context into a multivariate model to examine correlations between stream geochemistry and microbial functional potential.

Neutrophils enhance the clearance of systemic amyloid deposits in a murine amyloidoma model.

Introduction: Amyloid-specific antibodies have been shown to opsonize and enhance amyloid clearance in systemic amyloidosis mouse models. However, the immunological mechanisms by which amyloid is removed have not been clearly defined. Previous reports from preclinical studies suggest polymorphonuclear cells (, neutrophils) can affect amyloid removal.

Phage Display Against 2D Metal-Organic Nanosheets as a New Route to Highly Selective Biomolecular Recognition Surfaces.

Peptides are important biomarkers for various diseases, however distinguishing specific amino-acid sequences using artificial receptors remains a major challenge in biomedical sensing. This study introduces a new approach for creating highly selective recognition surfaces using phage display biopanning against metal-organic nanosheets (MONs). Three MONs (ZIF-7, ZIF-7-NH and Hf-BTB-NH) are added to a solution containing every possible combination of seven-residue peptides attached to bacteriophage hosts.

Comparison of the protein composition of isolated extracellular vesicles from mouse brain and dissociated brain cell culture medium.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in intercellular communication. Characterizing EV protein composition is essential to understand EV function(s). Isolating EVs from cell culture medium is a common approach to study EVs, but it remains unclear whether EVs isolated from in vitro conditions accurately reflect physiological conditions of the same source in vivo tissues.

The Effect of a Tailored Educational Flyer on Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Rural Residents: Lessons Learned from a Pilot Randomized Trial.

: Stool-based tests, such as the fecal immunochemical test (FIT), have been widely used for increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Small media, such as printed materials or flyers, are known to be an effective intervention to increase CRC screening by fecal tests. However, more evidence is needed to determine whether such small media are effective in improving screening uptake of a mailed FIT intervention targeted at rural populations in the USA.