A multimodal approach identifies lactate as a central feature of right ventricular failure that is detectable in human plasma.

Background: In PAH metabolic abnormalities in multiple pathways are well-recognized features of right ventricular dysfunction, however, prior work has focused mainly on the use of a single "omic" modality to describe a single deranged pathway. We integrated metabolomic and epigenomic data using transcriptomics in failing and non-failing RVs from a rodent model to provide novel mechanistic insight and translated these findings to accessible human specimens by correlation with plasma from PAH patients.

Methods: Study was conducted in a doxycycline-inducible BMPR2 mutant mouse model of RV failure.

Home-Based Telemedicine in Rheumatology-A Scoping Review.

Objective: We performed a scoping review of the relevant literature on home-based telehealth in rheumatology to understand its appropriate application in rheumatology practice.

Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and scientific meeting abstracts to identify articles that specifically addressed telehealth suitability, barriers to telehealth, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) collected in telehealth settings, and telehealth satisfaction. From the initial search of 4,882 studies, 23 reports were included.

Disability-related inequalities in the prevalence of loneliness across the lifespan: trends from Australia, 2003 to 2020.

Background: Experiencing loneliness can be distressing and increasing evidence indicates that being lonely is associated with poor physical and mental health outcomes. Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that people with disability have increased risk of experiencing loneliness compared to people without disability. However, we do not know if these inequalities have changed over time.

Myeloid Cell Derived IL1β Contributes to Pulmonary Hypertension in HFpEF.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common and highly morbid syndrome, but mechanisms driving PH-HFpEF are poorly understood. We sought to determine whether a well-accepted murine model of HFpEF also displays features of PH, and we sought to identify pathways that might drive early remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature in HFpEF.

Methods: Eight-week-old male and female C57BL/6J mice received either N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and high-fat diet or control water and diet for 2, 5, and 12 weeks.

A potential adverse role for leptin and cardiac leptin receptor in the right ventricle in pulmonary arterial hypertension: effect of metformin is BMPR2 mutation-specific.

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a fatal cardiopulmonary disease. Leptin, a neuroendocrine hormone released by adipose tissue, has a complex relationship with cardiovascular diseases, including PAH. be an important factor linking and cardiovascular disorders.

Immune profiling of murine cardiac leukocytes identifies triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 as a novel mediator of hypertensive heart failure.

Aims: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized by diastolic dysfunction, microvascular dysfunction, and myocardial fibrosis with recent evidence implicating the immune system in orchestrating cardiac remodelling.

Methods And Results: Here, we show the mouse model of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension induces key elements of HFpEF, including diastolic dysfunction, exercise intolerance, and pulmonary congestion in the setting of preserved ejection fraction. A modified single-cell sequencing approach, cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing, of cardiac immune cells reveals an altered abundance and transcriptional signature in multiple cell types, most notably cardiac macrophages.

Myeloid Cell Derived IL1β Contributes to Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common and highly morbid syndrome, but mechanisms driving PH-HFpEF are not well understood. We sought to determine whether a well-accepted murine model of HFpEF also displays features of PH in HFpEF, and we sought to identify pathways that might drive early remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature in HFpEF.

Methods: Eight week old male and female C57/BL6J mice were given either L-NAME and high fat diet (HFD) or control water/diet for 2,5, and 12 weeks.

Developing self-report disability questions for a voluntary patient registration form for general practice in Australia.

Objective: This article reports on research undertaken to develop self-report disability questions for a patient registration form that may be implemented in general practices across Australia as part of a voluntary patient registration program.

Methods: There were four research components: rapid review of approaches for capturing disability information; expert informant interviews (n=19); stakeholder consultation via virtual focus groups (n=65); and online survey (n=35). Findings from each component informed development of materials for subsequent components in an iterative research process.

A call to action for more disability-inclusive health policy and systems research.

To date, the exclusion of people with disability participating in research has limited the evidence base informing health system strengthening policy and practice more generally, and addressing disability-related inequalities in access to health services and better health outcomes more particularly. Given that more than 1 billion people, or 16% of the world's population, have a disability, we may fail to respond to the needs of a large proportion of the population unless we are purposeful with inclusion. Our research in this area indicates that online qualitative methods can be effective in engaging under-represented groups and are essential to ensure their input into health policy and systems research.

Neutralizing activity and 3-month durability of tixagevimab and cilgavimab prophylaxis against Omicron sublineages in transplant recipients.

Neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses are attenuated in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) despite severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 vaccination. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with the antibody combination tixagevimab and cilgavimab (T+C) might augment immunoprotection, yet in vitro activity and durability against Omicron sublineages BA.4/5 in fully vaccinated SOTRs have not been delineated.

Transpulmonary generation of cell-free hemoglobin contributes to vascular dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension via dysregulated clearance mechanisms.

Circulating cell-free hemoglobin (CFH) is elevated in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and associated with poor outcomes but the mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that CFH is generated from the pulmonary circulation and inadequately cleared in PAH. Transpulmonary CFH (difference between wedge and pulmonary artery positions) and lung hemoglobin α were analyzed in patients with PAH and healthy controls.

Access to general practice for people with intellectual disability in Australia: a systematic scoping review.

Background: People with intellectual disability experience inadequate access to general practice and poorer health outcomes than the general population. While some access barriers have been identified for this population, these studies have often used narrow definitions of access, which may not encompass the multiple dimensions that influence access to general practice. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review to identify factors impacting access to general practice for people with intellectual disability in Australia, using a holistic framework of access conceptualised by Levesque and colleagues.

l-Carnitine therapy improves right heart dysfunction through Cpt1-dependent fatty acid oxidation.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal vasculopathy that ultimately leads to elevated pulmonary pressure and death by right ventricular (RV) failure, which occurs in part due to decreased fatty acid oxidation and cytotoxic lipid accumulation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that decreased fatty acid oxidation and increased lipid accumulation in the failing RV is driven, in part, by a relative carnitine deficiency. We then tested whether supplementation of l-carnitine can reverse lipotoxic RV failure through augmentation of fatty acid oxidation.

Do Area-Level Environmental Factors Influence Employment for People with Disability? A Scoping Review.

Employment is an important social determinant of health and wellbeing. People with disability experience labour market disadvantage and have low labour force participation rates, high unemployment rates, and poor work conditions. Environmental factors are crucial as facilitators of or barriers to participation for people with disability.

Magnetoquantum oscillations in the specific heat of a topological Kondo insulator.

Surprisingly, magnetoquantum oscillations (MQOs) characteristic of a metal with a Fermi surface have been observed in measurements of the topological Kondo insulator SmB. As these MQO have only been observed in measurements of magnetic torque (dHvA) and not in measurements of magnetoresistance (SdH), a debate has arisen as to whether the MQO are an extrinsic effect arising from rare-earth impurities, defects, and/or aluminum inclusions or an intrinsic effect revealing the existence of charge-neutral excitations. We report here the first observation of MQO in the low-temperature specific heat of SmB.

Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 Neutralizing Activity Following Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis with Tixagevimab plus Cilgavimab in Vaccinated Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.

Neutralizing antibody responses are attenuated in many solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) despite SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with the monoclonal antibody combination Tixagevimab and Cilgavimab (T+C) might augment immunoprotection, yet activity against Omicron sublineages in vaccinated SOTRs is unknown. Vaccinated SOTRs who received 300+300mg T+C (either single dose or two 150+150mg doses) within a prospective observational cohort submitted pre- and post-injection samples between 1/10/2022-4/4/2022.

Health Statistics in Australia: What We Know and Do Not Know.

Australia is a federation of six states and two territories (the States). These eight governmental entities share responsibility for health and health services with the Australian Government. Mortality statistics, including causes of death, have been collected since the late 19th century, with national data produced by the (now) Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) from 1907.

Using Patient-Reported Health Data From Social Media to Identify Diverse Lupus Patients and Assess Their Symptom and Medication Expressions: A Feasibility Study.

Objective: Patient communities use social media for peer support and information seeking. This study assessed the feasibility of using public patient-generated health data from the social network Twitter to identify diverse lupus patients and gather their perspectives about disease symptoms and medications.

Methods: We extracted public lupus-related Twitter messages (n = 47,715 tweets) in English posted by users (n = 8,446) in the US between September 1, 2017 and October 31, 2018.

Health and Access to Health Services for People with Disability in Australia: Data and Data Gaps.

The right of people with disability to enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health without discrimination on the basis of disability is enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). Among its obligations as a signatory to the CRPD, Australia is required to collect appropriate information, including statistical and research data, to inform development and implementation of policies to give effect to the Convention. In this commentary, we first describe how the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) conceptual model of disability can be operationalised in statistical data collections, with a focus on how this is achieved in key Australian data sources such that people with disability can be identified as a population group.

Estimating the Influence of Incarceration on Subsequent Experience With Violence Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in the HPTN061 Study.

Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) are disproportionately incarcerated in the United States. Incarceration is a barrier to health equity and may be a risk factor for experiences of interpersonal violence. However, the effect of incarceration on experienced violence among BMSM is understudied.

Disability, Loneliness and Health in the UK: cross-sectional survey.

Background: Research has suggested that exposure to loneliness can have a powerful detrimental impact on health, including mental health. Addressing socially determined health inequity requires understanding of the situation of marginalized or vulnerable groups. People with disability are increasingly being recognized as one such group.

The International Classification of Health Interventions: an 'epistemic hub' for use in public health.

The current lack of a common basis for collecting data on population-level prevention and health promotion interventions causes public health to be relatively invisible within broader health systems, making it vulnerable to funding cuts when there is pressure to reduce spending. Further, the inconsistent use of terms for describing interventions hinders knowledge translation and building an evidence base for public health practice and policy. The International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI), being developed by the World Health Organization, is a standard statistical classification for interventions across the full scope of health systems.

Area-Level Associations between Built Environment Characteristics and Disability Prevalence in Australia: An Ecological Analysis.

The importance of health-promoting neighborhoods has long been recognized, and characteristics of local built environments are among the social determinants of health. People with disability are more likely than other population groups to experience geographic mobility and cost restrictions, and to be reliant on 'opportunity structures' available locally. We conducted an ecological analysis to explore associations between area-level disability prevalence for people aged 15-64 years and area-level built environment characteristics in Australia's 21 largest cities.