Understanding the Linewidth of the ESR Spectrum Detected by a Single NV Center in Diamond.

Spectral analysis of electron spin resonance (ESR) is a powerful technique for various investigations including characterization of spin systems, measurements of spin concentration, and probing spin dynamics. The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a promising magnetic sensor enabling improvement of ESR sensitivity to the level of a single spin. Therefore, understanding the nature of the NV-detected ESR (NV-ESR) spectrum is critical for applications to nanoscale ESR.

Demonstration of Fidelity Improvement Using Dynamical Decoupling with Superconducting Qubits.

Quantum computers must be able to function in the presence of decoherence. The simplest strategy for decoherence reduction is dynamical decoupling (DD), which requires no encoding overhead and works by converting quantum gates into decoupling pulses. Here, using the IBM and Rigetti platforms, we demonstrate that the DD method is suitable for implementation in today's relatively noisy and small-scale cloud-based quantum computers.

Infected dermoid sinus tract mimicking recurrent sinusitis in an adolescent male.

Nasal dermoid sinus cysts are the most common congenital midline nasofrontal masses, but they can easily be confused with simple recurrent sinusitis upon clinical presentation. We report the case of a 14-year-old male who was initially diagnosed with frontal sinusitis and treated with antibiotics but, after multiple episodes of recurrence, was later sent for imaging. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed an infected dermoid sinus tract.

Cavernous angioma of the cerebellopontine angle.

Although cavernous hemangiomas are commonly found supratentorially, their presence in the internal auditory canal is uncommon. We describe a case that was initially mistaken for a vestibular schwannoma due to its location in the cerebellopontine angle. Although there can be overlap in their presentations, familiarity with the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings of both entities will aid in their differentiation and potentially affect preoperative planning.

Defining thresholds for changes in size of simulated T2-hyperintense brain lesions on the basis of qualitative comparisons.

Objective: Our purpose was to define thresholds below which trained reviewers cannot detect changes in the size of T2-hyperintense brain lesions.

Materials And Methods: We generated T2-weighted brain MR images (TR/TE, 4000/80) with simulated hyperintense lesions derived from a real multiple sclerosis plaque. The size of the original multiple sclerosis lesion was varied by scaling up or down the lesion using a bicubic interpolation method.

Imaging bowel obstruction: a comparison between fast magnetic resonance imaging and helical computed tomography.

Aim: To compare the accuracy of fast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging using the half-Fourier single shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) sequence with helical computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing bowel obstruction.

Materials And Methods: Prospective evaluation of 44 patients with clinical evidence of bowel obstruction was conducted using various investigations including HASTE MR and helical CT. MR was performed with a Siemens 1.

Neurofibromatosis type 1: a diagnostic mimicker at CT.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most common of the phakomatoses and has a variety of localized or, more frequently, systemic manifestations throughout the thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and extremities. Classic computed tomographic (CT) findings in NF1 with thoracic involvement include small, well-defined subcutaneous neurofibromas, focal thoracic scoliosis, posterior vertebral scalloping, enlarged neural foramina, and characteristic rib abnormalities due to bone dysplasia or erosion from adjacent neurofibromas. However, more atypical manifestations are occasionally seen, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can be useful in equivocal cases.

Case report: the "yin-yang" sign-seen with spiral computed tomography for pulmonary embolus.

The diagnostic evaluation of pulmonary embolism has recently been modified to include contrast-enchanced spiral computed tomography of the chest. CT has found acceptance as not only an imaging modality for diagnosing pulmonary embolus, but is also useful in depicting alternate diagnoses to explain acute shortness of breath. This article describes a unique pattern of contrast enhancement observed during a routine spiral contrast-enhanced CT to evaluate suspected pulmonary embolism.

Image compression and chest radiograph interpretation: image perception comparison between uncompressed chest radiographs and chest radiographs stored using 10:1 JPEG compression.

We have assessed the effect of 10:1 lossy (JPEG) compression on six board-certified radiologists' ability to detect three commonly seen abnormalities on chest radiographs. The study radiographs included 150 chest radiographs with one of four diagnoses: normal (n = 101), pulmonary nodule (n = 19), interstitial lung disease (n = 19), and pneumothorax (n = 11). Before compression, these images were printed on laser film and interpreted in a blinded fashion by six radiologists.