Altered mitochondrial unfolded protein response and protein quality control promote oxidative distress in down syndrome brain.

Down Syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, and leading to various developmental and cognitive defects. A critical feature of DS is the occurrence of oxidative distress particularly in the brain, which exacerbates neurodevelopmental processes. Mitochondria play a crucial role in cell energy metabolism and their impairment is one of the major causes of oxidative distress in several pathologies.

Evidence of brines interconnections and different flow patterns within the boulder clay glacier and its moraine (Victoria Land, East Antarctica).

Multi-technique integrated surveys were carried out to investigate brine characteristics, connectivity and flow patterns in the Boulder Clay Glacier area, Victoria Land, East Antarctica. Specifically, electromagnetic geophysical surveys focused mainly on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and integrated by Frequency Domain induction, not only demonstrated the presence of brines in the subsurface, but also allowed to image several structures and glaciological elements. Chemical analyses suggested the origin and differentiation of the brines, providing evidence for interconnected pathways.

Evaluation of Methodologies in Anti-nephrin Autoantibody Detection.

Recent studies discovered the prominent presence of anti-nephrin autoantibodies in minimal change disease, steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome and/or post-transplant recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). However, widely different, and often unconventional autoantibody detection methods were used among these studies, making it challenging to assess the pathogenic role for the antibodies. Here we examined methods of conventional ELISA, magnetic on-beads ELISA, immunoprecipitation-immunoblotting (IP-IB), and cell- and tissue-based antibody assays with 127 plasma samples of kidney and non-kidney diseases.

Automated Immunoprecipitation, Sample Preparation, and Individual Ion Mass Spectrometry Platform for Proteoforms.

Charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) is a well-established technique that provides direct mass spectral outputs regardless of analyte heterogeneity or molecular weight. Over the past few years, it has been demonstrated that CDMS can be multiplexed on Orbitrap analyzers utilizing an integrated approach termed individual ion mass spectrometry (IMS). To further increase adaptability, robustness, and throughput of this technique, here, we present a method that utilizes numerous integrated equipment components including a Kingfisher system, SampleStream platform, and Q Exactive mass spectrometer to provide a fully automated workflow for immunoprecipitation, sample preparation, injection, and subsequent IMS acquisition.

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics for advancing solid organ transplantation research.

Scarcity of high-quality organs, suboptimal organ quality assessment, unsatisfactory pre-implantation procedures, and poor long-term organ and patient survival are the main challenges currently faced by the solid organ transplant (SOT) field. New biomarkers for assessing graft quality pre-implantation, detecting, and predicting graft injury, rejection, dysfunction, and survival are critical to provide clinicians with invaluable prediction tools and guidance for personalized patients' treatment. Additionally, new therapeutic targets are also needed to reduce injury and rejection and improve transplant outcomes.

Cyanide Insensitive Oxidase Confers Hydrogen Sulfide and Nitric Oxide Tolerance to Aerobic Respiration.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) and nitric oxide (NO) are long-known inhibitors of terminal oxidases in the respiratory chain. Yet, they exert pivotal signaling roles in physiological processes, and in several bacterial pathogens have been reported to confer resistance against oxidative stress, host immune responses, and antibiotics. , an opportunistic pathogen causing life-threatening infections that are difficult to eradicate, has a highly branched respiratory chain including four terminal oxidases of the haem-copper type (, , , and ) and one oxidase of the -type (cyanide-insensitive oxidase, CIO).

Associations between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics and psycholinguistic measures: a correlational study.

Aim: Recently, the relationship between diabetes and mental health has been widely studied. With the advent of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), some researchers have been interested in exploring the association between glucose-related metrics and psychological aspects. These studies have primarily relied on self-report questionnaires which present some limitations.

Hydrogen sulfide production does not affect antibiotic resistance in .

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) has been proposed to protect bacteria from antibiotics, pointing to HS-producing enzymes as possible targets for the development of antibiotic adjuvants. Here, MIC assays performed with mutants producing altered HS levels demonstrate that HS does not affect antibiotic resistance in this bacterium. Moreover, correlation analyses in a large collection of cystic fibrosis isolates argue against the protective role of HS from antibiotic activity during chronic lung infection.

Murine MHC-Deficient Nonobese Diabetic Mice Carrying Human HLA-DQ8 Develop Severe Myocarditis and Myositis in Response to Anti-PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Cancer Therapy.

Myocarditis has emerged as an immune-related adverse event of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) cancer therapy associated with significant mortality. To ensure patients continue to safely benefit from life-saving cancer therapy, an understanding of fundamental immunological phenomena underlying ICI myocarditis is essential. We recently developed the NOD-cMHCI/II-/-.

Membrane-Bound Redox Enzyme Cytochrome -I Promotes Carbon Monoxide-Resistant Growth and Respiration.

The terminal oxidases of bacterial aerobic respiratory chains are redox-active electrogenic enzymes that catalyze the four-electron reduction of O to 2HO taking out electrons from quinol or cytochrome . Living bacteria often deal with carbon monoxide (CO) which can act as both a signaling molecule and a poison. Bacterial terminal oxidases contain hemes; therefore, they are potential targets for CO.

High frequency Lunar Penetrating Radar quality control, editing and processing of Chang'E-4 lunar mission.

Chinese lunar landing mission Chang'E-4 reached the far side of the Moon in January 2019 and has been providing unprecedented Lunar Penetrating Radar data able to explore the lunar subsurface down to more than 40 m (with its more resolutive high frequency band). Data are periodically released to the scientific community in raw PDS4 format. Here we provide different versions of the radar dataset after editing (i.

[Cytochrome bd as Antioxidant Redox Enzyme].

One of the main functions of enzyme complexes that constitute electron transport (respiratory) chains of organisms is to maintain cellular redox homeostasis by oxidizing reducing equivalents, NADH and quinol. Cytochrome bd is a unique terminal oxidase of the chains of many bacteria including pathogenic species. This redox enzyme couples the oxidation of ubiquinol or menaquinol by molecular oxygen to the generation of proton motive force, a universal energy currency.

HLA-DQ8 Supports Development of Insulitis Mediated by Insulin-Reactive Human TCR-Transgenic T Cells in Nonobese Diabetic Mice.

In an effort to improve HLA-"humanized" mouse models for type 1 diabetes (T1D) therapy development, we previously generated directly in the NOD strain CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletions of various combinations of murine MHC genes. These new models improved upon previously available platforms by retaining β2-microglobulin functionality in FcRn and nonclassical MHC class I formation. As proof of concept, we generated H2-Db/H2-Kd double knockout NOD mice expressing human HLA-A*0201 or HLA-B*3906 class I variants that both supported autoreactive diabetogenic CD8+ T cell responses.