Neighborhood income inequality, maternal relative deprivation and neonatal health in Sweden: A cross-sectional study using individually defined multi-scale contexts.

•Maternal relative deprivation is linked to intrauterine growth restriction.•Neighborhood income inequality is linked to fewer low Apgar scores in high-income mothers.•Findings support relative deprivation hypothesis over income inequality hypothesis.

Challenges in downstream dam passage and the effect of dam removal on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt migrations.

Migration is critical for life-cycle completion in diadromous fish species. River connectivity is vital in facilitating these large-scale movement events, but the extent of present-day river fragmentation can interfere with these migrations. Fish passage solutions (FPSs) are commonly implemented with the aim of improving river connectivity.

'Levelling up' social mobility? Comparing the social and spatial mobility for university graduates across districts of Britain.

Social and spatial mobility have been subject to substantial recent sociological and policy debate. Complementing other recent work, in this paper we explore these patterns in relation to higher education. Making use of high-quality data from the higher education statistics agency (HESA), we ran a set of multilevel models to test whether the local authority areas where young people grow up influence social and spatial mobility into a higher professional or managerial job on graduation.

Experiences of progestin-only pill users in the United States and attitudes toward over-the-counter access.

Context: Removing the prescription requirement and making oral contraceptive pills available over the counter (OTC) could increase contraceptive access in the United States. Despite current efforts to make a progestin-only pill (POP) available OTC, there are no qualitative data exploring the experiences of POP users and their perspectives on making POPs available OTC.

Methods: We conducted six online, asynchronous focus group discussions with 36 POP users between July and November 2020.

Children's intervention participation is associated with more positive beliefs towards active school transportation among parents.

Insufficient physical activity among children is a critical issue and health promoting initiatives are required to reverse this trend. In response to the current situation, a school-based intervention aiming to increase physical activity with the aid of active school transportation (AST) was implemented in one municipality in northern Sweden. By adopting the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior, we aimed to analyse beliefs among parents whose children were or were not involved in the AST intervention.

Pregnancy intentions and outcomes among transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive people assigned female or intersex at birth in the United States: Results from a national, quantitative survey.

Transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive (TGE) people experience pregnancy. Quantitative data about pregnancy intentions and outcomes of TGE people are needed to identify patterns in pregnancy intentions and outcomes and to inform clinicians how best to provide gender-affirming and competent pregnancy care. We sought to collect data on pregnancy intentions and outcomes among TGE people assigned female or intersex at birth in the United States.

Development and Initial Validation of the PILCAST Questionnaire: Understanding Parents' Intentions to Let Their Child Cycle or Walk to School.

Children generally do not meet the recommendation of 60 min of daily physical activity (PA); therefore, active school transportation (AST) is an opportunity to increase PA. To promote AST, the involvement of parents seems essential. Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the aim was to develop and validate the PILCAST questionnaire to understand parents' intentions to let their child cycle or walk to school.

Abortion experiences and preferences of transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive people in the United States.

Background: Transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive people who were assigned female or intersex at birth experience pregnancy and have abortions. Scarce data have been published on individual abortion experiences or preferences of this understudied population.

Objective: This study aimed to fill existing evidence gaps on the abortion experiences and preferences of transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive people in the United States to inform policies and practices to improve access to and quality of abortion care for this population.

Healthcare Providers' Pregnancy Prevention Counseling of Trans and Non-Binary Assigned Female at Birth (TNB/AFAB) Patients.

Transgender and non-binary people assigned female at birth (TNB/AFAB) have unintended pregnancies, but there is a dearth of information about effective pregnancy prevention care for this population. This needs assessment study aimed at discerning pregnancy prevention care best practices involved interviews of 20 healthcare providers solicited for experience providing pregnancy counseling with this group. Findings were organized via the ecological model, revealing four layers of themes.

It's about being the good parent: exploring attitudes and beliefs towards active school transportation.

In recent decades, there has been a decline in active school transportation (AST). Parents play an important role as the key decision-makers of children's AST, and there is a need of more knowledge about the decision-making process and parents' beliefs towards AST. The overall aim of this study was to explore parents' attitudes and beliefs towards AST in the northern part of Sweden.

Positive self-reported health might be an important determinant of student's experiences of high school in northern Sweden.

There is a need for more knowledge about positive health determinants in the school setting. The overall aim of this study was to analyse if positive self-reported health is associated with experiences of school among high-school students. Data originated from the health dialogue questionnaire answered by students in grade 1 of high school.

Persons with rheumatoid arthritis challenge the relevance of the health assessment questionnaire: a qualitative study of patient perception.

Background: The Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ) is widely used to measure functional ability in persons with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The instrument was developed with limited involvement from persons with RA, and their perception of the instrument has not been studied in depth. The aim of this study was to explore how persons with RA experience the use of the HAQ in care.

Value-Based Health Care for Chronic Care: Aligning Outcomes Measurement with the Patient Perspective.

Background: Value-based health care is increasingly used for developing health care services by relating patient outcomes to costs. A hierarchical value scorecard for creating outcome measurements has been suggested: the 3-tier model. The objective of this study was to test the model against the patient's view of value in a chronic care setting.

Using patient-reported outcomes in routine practice: three novel use cases and implications.

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) can show how patients perceive their illness burden over time. Active use of PROs by clinicians at the point of service can help illuminate the patients' longitudinal changes in outcomes, thereby advancing shared decision making, patient engagement, and self-care. This article offers principles and lessons learned from using PROs and provides 3 case studies to demonstrate how to overcome the challenges in using PROs in routine clinical practice to improve outcomes.

Nurses' perceptions of multitasking in the emergency department: effective, fun and unproblematic (at least for me) – a qualitative study.

Introduction: The aim was to understand how multitasking is experienced by registered nurses and how it relates to their everyday practice in the emergency department.

Method: Interviews with open-ended questions were conducted with registered nurses (n = 9) working in one of two included emergency departments in Sweden. Data were analyzed using Schilling's structured model for qualitative content analysis.

The medium is the (health) measure: patient engagement using personal technologies.

With the phrase "the medium is the message", Marshall McLuhan argued that technologies are the messages themselves and not just the medium. Almost 50 years later, we understand that modern information and communication technologies expand our ability to perceive our world to an extent that would be impossible without the medium. In this article, we contend that information and communication technologies are becoming the dominant medium for patient engagement.

Team behaviors in emergency care: a qualitative study using behavior analysis of what makes team work.

Objective: Teamwork has been suggested as a promising approach to improving care processes in emergency departments (ED). However, for teamwork to yield expected results, implementation must involve behavior changes. The aim of this study is to use behavior analysis to qualitatively examine how teamwork plays out in practice and to understand eventual discrepancies between planned and actual behaviors.

Changes in tooth mortality between 1990 and 2002 among adults in Västerbotten County, Sweden: influence of socioeconomic factors, general health, smoking, and dental care habits on tooth mortality.

The objectives of the study were to analyse changes in tooth mortality among adults in Västerbotten County, Sweden, between 1990 and 2002 and determine whether socioeconomic factors, general health, smoking, and dental care habits influenced tooth mortality. The study was based on samples drawn from the adult population in Västerbotten County in 1990 and 2002. The studied age groups were 35-, 50-, and 65-year-olds.

Managing health care decisions and improvement through simulation modeling.

Simulation modeling is a way to test changes in a computerized environment to give ideas for improvements before implementation. This article reviews research literature on simulation modeling as support for health care decision making. The aim is to investigate the experience and potential value of such decision support and quality of articles retrieved.

Profound cardiac conduction delay predicts mortality in myotonic dystrophy type 1.

Background: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is known to affect mainly the musculoskeletal system. Early mortality is related to respiratory disease and possibly additional cardiovascular complications.

Aims: To identify possible cardiovascular disturbances that could predict survival of DM1 patients.

Ventricular dysfunction in type 1 myotonic dystrophy: electrical, mechanical, or both?

Background: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a systemic disease which affects the heart and may be a cause of sudden death. Conduction disturbances are the major cardiac abnormalities seen in this condition. We sought to assess electrical and mechanical cardiac functions to identify abnormalities that might explain sudden cardiac death in DM1.

Oral health in the adult population of Västerbotten, Sweden--a comparison between an epidemiological survey and data obtained from digital dental records.

Unlabelled: The objective of this study was to analyse the possibilities and limitations of using data drawn from electronic dental patient records (EDPRs) in monitoring dental health among adults in a northern Swedish county.

Materials And Methods: The study population comprised all 35-, 50-, 65- and 75-year-old patients who were examined and, where required, received treatment at the Public Dental Service (PDS) in Västerbotten, Sweden, in 2003 and in 2004. In total 2,497 patients in 2003, and 2,546 patients in 2004 met the inclusion criteria.

Comparison of the effectiveness of fissure sealants in Finland, Sweden, and Greece.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of sealant treatment in preventing dental restorations due to caries in a practice-based research network in Finland, Sweden, and Greece.

Material And Methods: Times of tooth emergence, sealing treatment, and dental caries were compiled from the dental charts of 4735 subjects born in 1970-72 in Finland and in 1980-82 in Finland, Sweden, and Greece. Survival time between tooth emergence and placement of first restoration was measured and estimated using survival analysis methodology.

An activating mutation in the PDGF receptor-beta causes abnormal morphology in the mouse placenta.

An oncogenic D842V mutation in the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) alpha-receptor (Pdgfra) has recently been described in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In order to test if the same mutation would confer oncogenic properties to the homologous PDGF beta-receptor (Pdgfrb), the corresponding aspartic acid residue at position 849 of Pdgfrb was changed into valine (D849V) using a knock-in strategy. This mutation turned out to be dominantly lethal and caused death even in chimeras (from 345 transferred chimeric blastocysts, no living coat chimeras were detected).

Ssh4, Rcr2 and Rcr1 affect plasma membrane transporter activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Nutrient uptake in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a highly regulated process. Cells adjust levels of nutrient transporters within the plasma membrane at multiple stages of the secretory and endosomal pathways. In the absence of the ER-membrane-localized chaperone Shr3, amino acid permeases (AAP) inefficiently fold and are largely retained in the ER.