A Narrative Review of Soccer-Related Concussion Management in Children and Adults Over the Past 10 Years.

Soccer-related concussions (SRC) have increased despite an overall reduction of concussions across all sports activities. Few papers have studied the mechanism of injury, and have been mostly done in high-income countries or focused on small populations, preventing generalization. Our goal was to analyze the available data published about SRC over the past 10 years, independent of the country's income level.

Enhancing Protocols for Concussion Management in Professional Soccer Events.

Aim: Every year, there are an estimated 1.7 to 3.8 million sports-related traumatic brain injuries.

Analysis of the Initial Learning Curve for Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty Using the ROSA Knee System.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a frequent procedure in orthopedic surgery. Advances in TKA include the development of robotic-assisted systems. Training in raTKA entails a learning curve to achieve proficiency comparable to conventional manual TKA (maTKA).

Genome-Wide Association Screens for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears.

Background: The etiopathogenesis of ACL rupture is not clarified. The aim of this study is to identify genomic regions and genetic variants relevant to anterior cruciate ligament injury susceptibility that could be involved in non-contact anterior cruciate ligament ruptures.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with a PRISMA checklist and algorithm.

[Translated article] Mechanical properties variations of immature bone in the earliest stages of development.

Introduction: Bone as a material varies its composition and mechanical properties throughout life. Although these variations are better understood in adulthood, there is little experimental information on the variation of these properties in early stages of development. The objective of this study is to analyze the mechanical behavior and chemical properties of cortical bone tissue from two animal species in these earliest stages.

Intraosseous injection of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the immature femoral head and prevention of head deformity: A study in a pig model.

Background: Cell therapy has been proposed as part of the therapeutic arsenal to assist bone formation and remodeling in the early stages of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of intraosseous inoculation of mesenchymal stem cells on bone formation and remodeling in an established experimental model of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in immature pigs.

Methods: Thirty-one 4-week-old immature Yorkshire pigs were used.

Early Identification and Treatment of Trochlear Knee Dysplasia.

A shallow sulcus characterizes trochlear dysplasia (TD) of the femoral trochlea, which can lead to chronic pain or instability of the patellofemoral joint. Breech presentation at birth has been identified as a risk factor for developing this condition, which an ultrasound can identify early. Early treatment could be considered at this stage, given the potential for remodelling in these skeletally immature patients.

Infrapatellar Fat Pad resection effect on the osteoarthritis development: Experimental study in sheep.

Introduction: The fat of the synovial joints can be used to maintain the joint structure. Our objective is to analyze the evolution of joint degeneration in knees with and without adipose pack.

Material And Methodology: In six sheep, the anterior cruciate ligament was sectioned in both knees, to cause osteoarthritis.

Relationship of the Cruciate and Meniscofemoral Ligaments with the Knee Osteology. An Anatomical Study.

 To analyze the dimensions of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the presence of meniscus-femoral ligaments MFLs in human knees, and the correlation with the dimensions of the knee skeleton.  Anatomical study on 29 specimens of human knees in which we measured the length and width of the cruciate and meniscus-femoral ligaments and the dimensions of femoral and tibia condyles and the femoral notch. The ACL length was calculated with different degrees of knee flexion.

Variation in Juvenile Long Bone Properties as a Function of Age: Mechanical and Compositional Characterization.

Bone is a heterogeneous, hierarchical biocomposite material made of an organic matrix filled with a mineral component, which plays an important role in bone strength. Although the effect of the mineral/matrix ratio on the mechanical properties of bone during aging has been intensively investigated, the relationship between the mechanical properties and the chemical composition of bone with age requires additional research in juvenile individuals. In this study, bone coupons from bovine and ovine animal species were machined from cortical areas of long bones to quantify whether the variation in mechanical properties at different stages of development is related to the change in the composition of bone tissue.

Safety of International Professional Sports Competitions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Association Football Experience.

Major sporting events were suspended during the most acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Competitions are resuming with enhanced hygiene protocols and altered mechanics. While risks for players and staff have been studied, the impact of large-scale tournaments on the communities that host them remains largely unstudied.

MRI study of the cruciate ligaments and menisco-femoral ligaments of the knee.

Purpose: It has been argued that the meniscus-femoral ligaments disappear with age. We therefore analyzed the presence of the meniscus-femoral ligaments, in MRI.

Materials And Methods: We measured the PCL, ACL and MFL, noting their presence or absence in 120 Knee MRIs, 51 in women and 69 in men.

[Clinical results of treatment of mechanical metatarsalgia without first metatarsal involvement].

Objective: To analyze the clinical results of metatarsalgia treated with percutaneous distal metatarsal metaphyseal osteotomies (DMMO).

Material And Methods: Prospective and continuous study of 29 patients with isolated unilateral mechanical metatarsalgia, operated on with DMMO, with a mean follow-up of 38 months. The mean age of the patients was 58 (range: 50-67) years and only two men.

Treatment of Chondral Knee Lesions with Autologous Chondrocytes Embedded in a Fibrin Scaffold. Clinical and Functional Assessment.

 The aim of our study is to analyze the clinical and functional results obtained using autologous chondrocytes embedded in a fibrin scaffold in knee joint injuries.  We included 56 patients, 36 men and 20 women, with a mean age 36 years. Six of the patients were professional athletes, with single knee injuries that were either chondral or osteochondral (43 chondral, 9 osteochondral, 2 cases of osteochondritis dissecans and 2 osteochondral fractures), 2 to 10 cm in size and ≤ 10 mm deep, with no signs of osteoarthritis.

Arthroscopic Tenotomy of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon and Section of the Anterior Joint Capsule Produce Moderate Osteoarthritic Changes in an Experimental Sheep Model.

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the glenohumeral (GH) joint is a common cause of shoulder pain, resulting in considerable invalidity. Unfortunately, the study of its pathogenesis is challenging. Models of OA are necessary to identify specific targets for therapy and to be able to interfere with the development and evolution of OA.

Deep deltoid ligament injury is related to rotational instability of the ankle joint: a biomechanical study.

Purpose: In the athletic population, the prevalence of isolated syndesmotic lesions is high. To detect potential instability of the ankle is crucial to define those lesions in need of surgical management. The aim was to define how the extent of tibio-fibular syndesmotic ligament injury influences the overall stability of the ankle joint in a cadaver model.

Two-stage bone and meniscus allograft and autologous chondrocytes implant for unicompartmental osteoarthritis: midterm results.

Background: We analyzed the clinical and radiographic evolution of patients with knee unicompartmental osteoarthritis and axis alteration and osteochondral lesions in the femoral condyle, treated with tibial plateau and meniscus allograft and cultured autologous chondrocyte implantation in the femur in two steps.

Purpose: To analyze the clinical results with the first patients treated with this two-stage technique to avoid knee prosthesis in patients with unicompartmental osteoarthritis.

Material And Methodology: Sixteen patients, average age 56 years, were included in a cohort study.

[Pro-inflammatory cytokines in the knee fat pad and subcutaneous fat of the thigh in osteoarthritic patients].

Objective: To analyze the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in osteoarthritis knee joint fat pad in relation to the subcutaneous fat of the thigh.

Material And Methods: We performed a study of fat of the knee joint adipose affected of osteoarthritis and subcutaneous fat of the thigh of the same side to the greater distance of the joint in six patients with severe gonarthrosis, with a mean age of 68 years (range: 55-81 years). From the fat samples the progenitor mesenchymal cells were obtained.

Osteoarthritis-related biomarkers profile in chronic anterior cruciate ligament injured knee.

Objective: Increasing evidence has shown the involvement of the innate immune system and inflammatory response in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis; however, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are recognized risk factors for development of post-traumatic OA. We investigated (1) whether inflammatory mediators involved in OA pathogenesis are also present at significant concentrations in the knee joint sometime after ACL complete tear and may be considered as prognostic biomarkers of progression to secondary OA; and (2) whether quantification in serum may surrogate synovial fluid (SF) measurements in both cases.

Methods: Thirty-seven end-stage OA patients and 33 patients with ACL complete tear that were included on the waiting list for knee surgery were consecutively recruited.

Graphene and graphene oxide functionalisation with silanes for advanced dispersion and reinforcement of PMMA-based bone cements.

The reinforcement of PMMA bone cements using carbon based nanomaterials has demonstrated to be a potential solution to their poor mechanical properties. The achievement of an optimal dispersion of the nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix is a crucial but not easy stage in the production of high-quality reinforced materials. In this work, a useful route for the graphene (G) functionalisation, via silanisation with (3-methacryloxypropyl) trimethoxy silane (MPS), has been developed, providing a remarkable enhancement in dispersibility and mechanical properties.

Does Orientation of the Femoral Head Affect Acetabular Development? An Experimental Study in Lamb.

Background: Derotational osteotomy of the proximal femur has proved to be effective in the treatment of residual acetabular dysplasia. However, the reason why this osteotomy is effective remains debatable. The purpose of this study is to investigate if an alteration of femoral head orientation affects acetabular growth.

Gene expression, protein profiling, and chemotactic activity of infrapatellar fat pad mesenchymal stem cells in pathologies of the knee joint.

The infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) is a periarticular adipose knee tissue. This tissue contains a large number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In the present work, we wanted to study the IPFP MSCs and their relationship and differences in two groups, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures knees and ostheoarthrosis (OA).