Development and evaluation of a quality improvement educational video on joint contractures for care home staff.

Background: Contractures are a debilitating problem for individuals living in long-term care settings. However, there is a lack of education and training among the care staff regarding the identification of risk factors related to contractures and the preventive strategies that can decrease their development or progression. Addressing this knowledge gap has the potential to improve the quality of care provided to residents in care homes.

A novel load-sensing sliding hip screw to aid in the assessment of intertrochanteric fracture healing.

Bone healing after sliding hip screw internal fixation of intertrochanteric hip fractures is difficult to monitor with radiography. In this study, we describe and evaluate a device to non-invasively determine the loading on the screw implant as a possible qualitative indicator of bone healing. A novel load-sensing sliding hip screw (LS-SHS) was fabricated containing a radio-dense tungsten indicator rod that moves and can be measured within the screw cannulation when the screw bends under load via plain radiography.

Structural and social determinants of health: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.

Background: Researchers have increasingly recognized the importance of structural and social determinants of health (SSDOH) as key drivers of a multitude of diseases and health outcomes. The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is an ongoing, longitudinal cohort study of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) that has followed geographically and racially/ethnically diverse participants starting in 2000. Since its inception, MESA has incorporated numerous SSDOH assessments and instruments to study in relation to CVD and aging outcomes.

Barriers and facilitators to home blood pressure monitoring in women with pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders: a qualitative study.

Background/objective: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the US. Improved diagnosis and treatment of HDP may be achieved through home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM). However, there are challenges to effective HBPM during pregnancy.

Minding the margins: Evaluating the impact of COVID-19 among Latinx and Black communities with optimal qualitative serological assessment tools.

COVID-19 disproportionately affected minorities, while research barriers to engage underserved communities persist. Serological studies reveal infection and vaccination histories within these communities, however lack of consensus on downstream evaluation methods impede meta-analyses and dampen the broader public health impact. To reveal the impact of COVID-19 and vaccine uptake among diverse communities and to develop rigorous serological downstream evaluation methods, we engaged racial and ethnic minorities in Massachusetts in a cross-sectional study (April - July 2022), screened blood and saliva for SARS-CoV-2 and human endemic coronavirus (hCoV) antibodies by bead-based multiplex assay and point-of-care (POC) test and developed across-plate normalization and classification boundary methods for optimal qualitative serological assessments.

Modeling the potential effects of rooftop solar on household energy burden in the United States.

Policymakers at the federal and state level have begun to incorporate energy burden into equity goals and program evaluations, aiming to reduce energy burden below a high level of 6% for lower income households in the United States. Pairing an empirical household-level dataset spanning United States geographies together with modeled hourly energy demand curves, we show that rooftop solar reduces energy burden across a majority of adopters during our study period from a median of 3.3% to 2.

A Comparison of 5 Measures of Accelerated Biological Aging and Their Association With Incident Cardiovascular Disease: The CARDIA Study.

Background: Accelerated biological aging is an increasingly popular way to track the acceleration of biology over time that may not be captured by calendar time. Biological aging has been linked to external and internal chronic stressors and has the potential to be used clinically to understand a person's personalized functioning and predict future disease. We compared the association of different measures of biological aging and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) overall and by race.

Aging, Race, and Health Disparities: Recommendations From the Research Centers Collaborative Network.

Racial disparities in adverse health outcomes with aging have been well described. Yet, much of the research focuses on racial comparisons, with relatively less attention to the identification of underlying mechanisms. To address these gaps, the Research Centers Collaborative Network held a workshop on aging, race, and health disparities to identify research priorities and inform the investigation, implementation, and dissemination of strategies to mitigate disparities in healthy aging.

The effect of rotational velocity on rotational traction across a range of artificial turf surface systems.

Mechanical testing by sporting governing bodies ensures artificial turf surfaces conform with performance standards. Rotational traction is measured using two equivalent devices: a rotational traction tester (RTT) and a lightweight rotational traction tester (LRTT). The devices differ in target rotational velocity; 72 deg/s for the RTT and 30 deg/s for the LRTT.

One Health Assessment of Incidence and Detection in Anthrax-Endemic Areas of Pakistan.

Anthrax, a severe zoonotic disease, is infrequently reported in anthrax-endemic regions of Pakistan. Despite clinical reports indicating its presence, particularly cutaneous anthrax, there is insufficient laboratory evidence regarding disease occurrence and environmental persistence. The present study aimed to confirm presence, accountable for animal mortality and human infection, while exploring environmental transmission factors.

Implementation of anaerobic digestion for valorizing the organic fraction of municipal solid waste in developing countries: Technical insights from a systematic review.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) as a waste management strategy for the organic fraction of municipal waste (OFMSW) has received attention in developed countries for several decades, leading to the development of large-scale plants. In contrast, AD of OFMSW has only recently drawn attention in developing countries. This systematic review was carried out to investigate the implementation of AD to treat the OFMSW in developing countries, focusing on assessing pilot and full-scale AD plants reported in the last ten years.

Co-infection of Leishmania infantum and a Crithidia-related species in a case of refractory relapsed visceral leishmaniasis with non-ulcerated cutaneous manifestation in Brazil.

We report a refractory and relapsed visceral leishmaniasis case in a male child patient followed from 2016 to 2020, whose clinical isolates from multiple relapses were analyzed at the genome level. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report that both visceral leishmaniasis and non-ulcerated cutaneous leishmaniasis have concomitantly manifested in the same patient. Importantly, sequence analysis revealed that the patient was co-infected with Leishmania infantum and a Crithidia-related parasite, which was previously found in a fatal case of visceral leishmaniasis from the same endemic region.

Tracking activity-based therapy for people living with spinal cord injury or disease: insights gained through focus group interviews with key stakeholders.

Purpose: The development of a tool to track participation in activity-based therapy (ABT) for people with spinal cord injury or disease (SCI/D) was identified as a priority of the Canadian ABT Community of Practice. The objective of this study was to understand multi-stakeholder perspectives on tracking ABT participation across the continuum of care.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight individuals from six stakeholder groups (persons living with SCI/D; hospital therapists; community trainers; administrators; researchers; and funders, advocates and policy experts) were recruited to participate in focus group interviews.

Association Between Body Mass Index and Cancer Screening Adherence Among Latinas in the United States and Puerto Rico.

Background: Research on the role of body size on cancer screening is mixed with few studies among Latinas in the United States. We evaluated the association between body size and cancer screening adherence among Latinas living in Puerto Rico and the rest of the United States.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using 2012-2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data among Latinas 50-64 years of age ( = 16,410).

The Haemonchus contortus LGC-39 subunit is a novel subtype of an acetylcholine-gated chloride channel.

The nematode genome exhibits a vast array of Cys-loop receptors that are activated by a diverse set of neurotransmitters and anthelmintic drugs such as ivermectin and levamisole. While many Cys-loop receptors have been functionally and pharmacologically characterized, there remains a large subset of orphan receptors where the agonist remains unknown. We have identified an orphan Cys-loop receptor, LGC-39, from the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus that is a novel type of cholinergic-sensitive ligand-gated chloride channel.

Case Report: The effect of intravenous and oral antibiotics on the gut microbiome and breath volatile organic compounds over one year.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern and better understanding of the gut microbiome, a known 'amplifier' of AMR, may allow future clinicians to tailor therapy to minimise this risk and offer a personalised medicine approach. To examine the gut microbiome, patients are required to provide faecal samples; more convenient and cheaper solutions need to be found.

Methods: As part of a pilot study looking at how routes of administration affect the gut microbiome in NHS patients undergoing routine clinical management for infections, we hypothesised that effects on the gut microbiome varied with the route and metabolism of antibiotic used, and these changes may be reflected in breath metabolites.

Self-reported experiences of discrimination and incident dementia.

Introduction: Discrimination negatively impacts health and may contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in dementia risk.

Methods: Experiences of lifetime and everyday discrimination were assessed among 6509 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants. We assessed the association of discrimination with incidence of dementia including adjustment for important risk factors, cohort attrition, and we assessed for effect modification by race/ethnicity.

3'Nucleotidase/nuclease is required for Leishmania infantum clinical isolate susceptibility to miltefosine.

Background: Miltefosine treatment failure in visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil has been associated with deletion of the miltefosine susceptibility locus (MSL) in Leishmania infantum. The MSL comprises four genes, 3'-nucleotidase/nucleases (NUC1 and NUC2); helicase-like protein (HLP); and 3,2-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase (TEI).

Methods: In this study CRISPR-Cas9 was used to either epitope tag or delete NUC1, NUC2, HLP and TEI, to investigate their role in miltefosine resistance mechanisms.

Investigating a key structural determinant of health, racism, and related social determinants of health in Massachusetts during the COVID-19 pandemic.

A disproportionate burden of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is being shouldered by members of racial and ethnic minorities and socially disadvantaged communities. Structural and social determinants of health have been recognized as key contributors to the inequalities observed. Racism, a major structural determinant of health that patterns related social determinants of health, in the USA, warrants further investigation.

Parasite Genotype Is a Major Predictor of Mortality from Visceral Leishmaniasis.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a potentially fatal disease caused mainly by Leishmania infantum in South America and Leishmania donovani in Asia and Africa. Disease outcomes have been associated with patient genotype, nutrition, age, sex, comorbidities, and coinfections. In this study, we examine the effects of parasite genetic variation on VL disease severity in Brazil.

Characterization of adjacent charged residues near the agonist binding site of the nematode UNC-49 GABA receptor.

The UNC-49 receptor is a Cys-loop GABA receptor that is unique to the nematode phylum. The receptor differs from mammalian GABA receptors both in amino acid sequence and pharmacology which highlights its potential as a novel anthelmintic target. Sequence differences within and near the various ligand-binding loops of the nematode receptor suggest that there could be structural differences compared to mammalian receptors that result in different pharmacological and functional features.

Private vs. public value of U.S. residential battery storage operated for solar self-consumption.

Compensation structures for residential solar are evolving toward a model that incentivizes using battery storage to maximize solar self-consumption. Using metered data from 1,800 residential customers across six U.S.