Evaluation of Two Tests for the Rapid Detection of CTX-M Producers Directly in Urine Samples.

Infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing have increased rapidly and are mainly attributed to the production of CTX-M enzymes. This study evaluated the NG-Test CTX-M MULTI lateral flow assay (CTX-M LFA) and the Rapid ESBL NP test (ESBL NP test) for rapid detection of CTX-M-producing Enterobacterales directly in midstream urine (MSU) samples. Testing was performed on 277 clinical MSU samples in a hospital microbiology laboratory from November 2022 to January 2023; 60 of these samples (30 positive for ESBL producers and 30 positive for non-ESBL producers) were tested retrospectively after the identification and susceptibility results were obtained, and 217 samples were tested prospectively immediately after a Gram stain showing the presence of Gram-negative bacilli.

Long-Read Sequencing with Hierarchical Clustering for Antiretroviral Resistance Profiling of Mixed Human Immunodeficiency Virus Quasispecies.

Background: HIV infections often develop drug resistance mutations (DRMs), which can increase the risk of virological failure. However, it has been difficult to determine if minor mutations occur in the same genome or in different virions using Sanger sequencing and short-read sequencing methods. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing may improve antiretroviral resistance profiling by allowing for long-read clustering.