High Hopes for the Biofabrication of Articular Cartilage-What Lies beyond the Horizon of Tissue Engineering and 3D Bioprinting?

Technologies and biomaterials for 3D bioprinting have been developing extremely quickly in the past decade as they hold great potential in tissue engineering. This, together with the possibility to differentiate stem cells of different origin into any cell type, raises the hopes in regenerative medicine once again after the initial breakthrough with stem cells in the 1980s. Nevertheless, three decades of 3D bioprinting experiments have shown that the production of functional tissues would take a longer time than anticipated.

World's First Long-Term Colorectal Cancer Model by 3D Bioprinting as a Mechanism for Screening Oncolytic Viruses.

Long-term modelization of cancer as it changes in the human body is a difficult goal, particularly when designing and testing new therapeutic strategies. This becomes even more difficult with metastasis modeling to show chemotherapeutic molecule delivery directly to tumoral cells. Advanced therapeutics, including oncolytic viruses, antibody-based and cell-based therapies are increasing.

The World's First Acne Dysbiosis-like Model of Human 3D Ex Vivo Sebaceous Gland Colonized with and .

Acne-prone skin is associated with dysbiosis involving () and () causing increased seborrhea in sebaceous glands (SG) and inflammation. Human primary sebocytes were cultivated using 1.10 UFC/mL Type IA (facial acne, ATCC6919) and/or 1.

Topical Administration of (SkinDuo) Serum Improves Anti-Acne Properties.

The tailoring of the skin microbiome is challenging and is a research hotspot in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases such as acne. Commonly encountered preservatives used as functional ingredients have an impact on the skin microbiota and are known to inhibit the survival of skin commensal bacteria. The selected species is , formulated with natural enhancers for topical use (SkinDuo).

Engineering of a Microscale Niche for Pancreatic Tumor Cells Using Bioactive Film Coatings Combined with 3D-Architectured Scaffolds.

Two-photon polymerization has recently emerged as a promising technique to fabricate scaffolds for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture and tissue engineering. Here, we combined 3D-printed microscale scaffolds fabricated using two-photon polymerization with a bioactive layer-by-layer film coating. This bioactive coating consists of hyaluronic acid and poly(l-lysine) of controlled stiffness, loaded with fibronectin and bone morphogenic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP2 and BMP4) as matrix-bound proteins.

A Colorectal Cancer 3D Bioprinting Workflow as a Platform for Disease Modeling and Chemotherapeutic Screening.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and has recently moved up to the second leading cause of death among carcinomas. Prognosis, especially for advanced diseases or certain molecular subtypes of CRC, remains poor, which highlights the urgent need for better therapeutic strategies. However, currently, as little as 0.

Exploring the Complementarity of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Preclinical Models.

: Compare pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), preclinical models, by their transcriptome and drug response landscapes to evaluate their complementarity. : Three paired PDAC preclinical models-patient-derived xenografts (PDX), xenograft-derived pancreatic organoids (XDPO) and xenograft-derived primary cell cultures (XDPCC)-were derived from 20 patients and analyzed at the transcriptomic and chemosensitivity level. Transcriptomic characterization was performed using the basal-like/classical subtyping and the PDAC molecular gradient (PAMG).

Development of new 3D human ex vivo models to study sebaceous gland lipid metabolism and modulations.

Objectives: Sebaceous glands maintain skin homeostasis by producing sebum. Low production can induce hair loss and fragile skin. Overproduction provokes seborrhoea and may lead to acne and inflammatory events.

Immunophenotyping Reveals the Diversity of Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Evolution upon Amplification.

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) from human dental pulp (DP) can be expanded for cell-based and regenerative dentistry therapeutic purposes. However, their heterogeneity may be a hurdle to the achievement of reproducible and predictable therapeutic outcomes. To get a better knowledge about this heterogeneity, we designed a flow cytometric strategy to analyze the phenotype of DP cells and upon expansion with stem cell markers.

A standardized procedure to obtain mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from minimally manipulated dental pulp and Wharton's jelly samples.

Transplantation of mesenchymal stem/stromalcells (MSCs) has emerged as an effectivemethod to treat diseased or damagedorgans and tissues, and hundreds of clinicaltrials using MSCs are currently under way todemonstrate the validity of such a therapeuticapproach. However, most MSCs used for clinicaltrials are prepared in research laboratorieswith insufficient manufacturing quality control.In particular, laboratories lack standardizedprocedures for in vitro isolation of MSCs fromtissue samples, resulting in heterogeneouspopulations of cells and variable experimentaland clinical results.

Cord blood processing by a novel filtration system.

Objectives: Availability of cord blood (CB) processing has been limited by the need for electrically aided centrifugal techniques, which often produce only low final cell product yield. Here, we describe development and characterization of a novel filter device aimed at allowing CB processing, using gentle gravity-led flow.

Materials And Methods: CB was processed with a novel filter device (CellEffic CB, consisting of non-woven fabric), without any centrifugation.

Manufacturing of dental pulp cell-based products from human third molars: current strategies and future investigations.

In recent years, mesenchymal cell-based products have been developed to improve surgical therapies aimed at repairing human tissues. In this context, the tooth has recently emerged as a valuable source of stem/progenitor cells for regenerating orofacial tissues, with easy access to pulp tissue and high differentiation potential of dental pulp mesenchymal cells. International guidelines now recommend the use of standardized procedures for cell isolation, storage and expansion in culture to ensure optimal reproducibility, efficacy and safety when cells are used for clinical application.

Production of Human Dental Pulp Cells with a Medicinal Manufacturing Approach.

Introduction: Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) are generally isolated and cultured with xenogeneic products and in stress conditions that may alter their biological features. However, guidelines from the American Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency currently recommend the use of protocols compliant with medicinal manufacturing. Our aim was to design an ex vivo procedure to produce large amounts of HDPCs for dentin/pulp and bone engineering according to these international recommendations.

Osteoblastic differentiation of Wharton jelly biopsy specimens and their mesenchymal stromal cells after serum-free culture.

Background: Cleft lip and cleft palate are increasingly being detected by prenatal ultrasound, which raises the opportunity of using the patient's own osteogenicity from umbilical cord mesenchymal cells for bony repair. The authors address the growth of the cells under a fully defined and regulated protocol.

Methods: Wharton jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells were isolated and expanded as a monolayer with defined serum-free medium.

Encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells by bioscaffolds protects cell survival and attenuates neuroinflammatory reaction in injured brain tissue after transplantation.

Since the brain is naturally inefficient in regenerating functional tissue after injury or disease, novel restorative strategies including stem cell transplantation and tissue engineering have to be considered. We have investigated the use of such strategies in order to achieve better functional repair outcomes. One of the fundamental challenges of successful transplantation is the delivery of cells to the injured site while maintaining cell viability.

Ischemic brain injury: a consortium analysis of key factors involved in mesenchymal stem cell-mediated inflammatory reduction.

Increasing global birth rate, coupled with the aging population surviving into their eighth decade has lead to increased incidence diseases, hitherto designated as rare. Brain related ischemia, at birth, or later in life, during, for example stroke, is increasing in global prevalence. Reactive microglia can contribute to neuronal damage as well as compromising transplantion.

A novel filtration method for cord blood processing using a polyester fabric filter.

Introduction: Cord blood (CB) is being increasingly used as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation to treat diseases of the blood and immune systems, and there is an urgent need to expand CB banking worldwide. CB processing requires costly machinery or a clean room that hampers wider application of CBT particularly in the developing countries.

Methods: We developed a novel filtration system using a nonchemical-coated and nonwoven polyester fabric filter, which traps cells through affinity and does not require centrifugation or potentially toxic chemicals.

Experimental therapies for repair of the central nervous system: stem cells and tissue engineering.

Several stem cell-based therapeutic tools are currently being investigated for the regeneration of central nervous system (CNS) injuries. This review focuses on innovative approaches for CNS tissue repair via the use of implantable cellular devices. These devices are supported by biopharmaceuticals and conventional physiotherapy for the restoration of lost neuronal circuits and CNS function.

The simplest method for in vitro β-cell production from human adult stem cells.

Diabetes mellitus is a challenging autoimmune disease. Biomedical researchers are currently exploring efficient and effective ways to solve this challenge. The potential of stem cell therapies for treating diabetes represents one of the major focuses of current research on diabetes treatment.

Neurogenic properties and a clinical relevance of multipotent stem cells derived from cord blood samples stored in the biobanks.

Several innovative therapies with human umbilical cord blood stem cells (SCs) are currently developing to treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases. It has been shown that cord blood contains multipotent lineage-negative (LinNEG) SCs capable of neuronal differentiation. Clinically useful cord blood samples are stored in different biobanks worldwide, but the content and neurogenic properties of LinNEG cells are unknown.

In vitro modelling of cortical neurogenesis by sequential induction of human umbilical cord blood stem cells.

Neurogenesis of excitatory neurons in the developing human cerebral neocortex is a complex and dynamic set of processes and the exact mechanisms controlling the specification of human neocortical neuron subtypes are poorly understood due to lack of relevant cell models available. It has been shown that the transcription factors Pax6, Tbr2 and Tbr1, which are sequentially expressed in the rodent neocortex, regulate and define corticogenesis of glutamatergic neocortical neurons. In humans the homologues of these genes are generally expressed in a similar pattern, but with some differences.

miRNAs stem cell reprogramming for neuronal induction and differentiation.

Mimicking the natural brain environment during neurogenesis represents the main challenge for efficient in vitro neuronal differentiation of stem cells. The discovery of miRNAs opens new possibilities in terms of modulation of stem cells lineage commitment and differentiation. Many studies demonstrated that in vitro transient overexpression or inhibition of brain-specific miRNAs in stem cells significantly directed differentiation along neuronal cell lineages.