Atmospheric Deposition of Microplastics in South Central Appalachia in the United States.

Due to the increased prevalence of plastic pollution globally, atmospheric deposition of microplastics (MPs) is a significant issue that needs to be better understood to identify potential consequences for human health. This study is the first to quantify and characterize atmospheric MP deposition in the Eastern United States. Passive sampling was conducted at two locations within the Eastern United States, specifically in remote South Central Appalachia, from March to September 2023.

Ethanol sclerotherapy in pediatric rectal prolapse: efficacy, complications, and influencing factors.

Introduction: Rectal prolapse is prevalent in children and the elderly, impacting quality of life significantly. Traditional surgical interventions carry risks, especially in pediatric patients. Ethanol sclerotherapy offers a less invasive alternative, inducing fibrosis and thickening of the rectal wall.

Cannabis pollen dispersal across the United States.

For the recently legalized US hemp industry (Cannabis sativa), cross-pollination between neighboring fields has become a significant challenge, leading to contaminated seeds, reduced oil yields, and in some cases, mandated crop destruction. As a step towards assessing hemp cross-pollination risk, this study characterizes the seasonal and spatial patterns in windborne hemp pollen dispersal spanning the conterminous United States (CONUS). By leveraging meteorological data obtained through mesoscale model simulations, we have driven Lagrangian Stochastic models to simulate wind-borne hemp pollen dispersion across CONUS on a county-by-county basis for five months from July to November, encompassing the potential flowering season for industrial hemp.

Effects of near-bed turbulence on microplastics fate and transport in streams.

Quantifying the impact of hyporheic exchange is crucial for understanding the transport and fate of microplastics in streams. In this study, we conducted several Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to investigate near-bed turbulence and analyze vertical hyporheic exchange. Different arranged spheres were used to represent rough and permeable sediment beds in natural rivers.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Vitamin D Status of Patients with Severe Obesity in Various Regions Worldwide.

Introduction: Managing nutritional deficiencies is an essential component in the treatment of severe obesity. Vitamin D deficiency is often reported in investigations in severely obese cohorts. However, no prior study has summarized findings on this topic.

Epidemiological and Spatiotemporal Descriptive Analysis of Patients with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A 12-Year Retrospective Study in Southern Iran.

Objectives: The current study is aimed at evaluating epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in the south of Iran.

Methods: Data were extracted from the 1840 medical records of patients who were referred to the Cleft Lip and Palate Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, from January 1, 2011, to September 1, 2022. The collected variables included demographic data (gender, birth date and season, place, birth order, and weight), cleft types and the subtypes, parental information (health status, education level, marital status, and age during the pregnancy), and other basic parameters.

Very low frequency waves as selective probe for Cysticercus tenuicollis, Hydatid cyst and Coenurus cerebralis bio-analysis using single cell-signal recording.

Comparative electric behavior of Cysticercus tenuicollis, Hydatid cyst and Coenurus cerebralis at the Very Low Frequency (VLF) region has been studied in detail. This investigation could be significant, because of the economic and public health importance of these parasitic infections in domestic animals. In this report, a single cell signal recording technique has been adopted for comparison using a stainless steel (type: 316, diameter: ~ 300 µm, height: 2.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Success of Bariatric Surgeries in Patients with Severe Obesity.

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) pandemic may influence the weight outcomes of bariatric surgeries (BS). Here, we intended to compare the weight outcome of patients who underwent BS before and during the pandemic time.

Methods: In a retrospective, single-center study, the information of two groups of patients; first COVID-19 group (n = 51) consisted of those that underwent BS during the pandemic and completed a year of follow-up, second non-COVID-19 group included 50 patients who underwent BS and were followed up before the pandemic.

Utilization of chest tube as an esophagus stent in pediatric caustic injuries: A retrospective study.

Background: The management of caustic esophageal burns in the pediatric population has changed over the years, while the most optimal management with regards to effectiveness, availability, and cost-beneficent stays controvertible.

Aim: To describe how to utilize a chest tube for esophageal stenting in pediatrics.

Methods: Data regarding the etiology, treatment, and complications of caustic injury in pediatrics over 10 years was collected retrospectively.

Case reports of invasive mucormycosis associated neutropenic enterocolitis in leukemic children: diagnostic and treatment challenges and review of literature.

Background: Bacterial enterocolitis is one of the most common neutropenic fever complications during intensive chemotherapy. Despite aggressive antibacterial treatments, this complication usually imposes high morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Management of bacterial neutropenic enterocolitis are well known; however, management of fungal neutropenic enterocolitis may be more challenging and needs to be investigated.

Case Report: Gastrointestinal Basidiobolomycosis with Multi-Organ Involvement Presented with Intussusception.

Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) is a rare, life-threatening fungal infection affecting immunocompetent individuals in tropical and subtropical regions. A diverse presentation of GIB has been reported, but no report has yet been published on intussusception. We describe a 23-month-old immunocompetent boy from a subtropical area in Iran who presented with intussusception.

Clinicopathological study of hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma and undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver: a single center study from Iran.

Background: Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of liver (UESL) and hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma (HMH) are two rare entities which mainly affect the pediatric population. The aim of this investigation was to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients diagnosed with these two conditions in a tertiary referral center in Iran.

Methods: In this retrospective study patients diagnosed with UESL or HMH between 2012 and 2020 were studied.

Establishing the Suitability of the Model for Prediction Across Scales for Global Retrospective Air Quality Modeling.

The U.S. EPA is leveraging recent advances in meteorological modeling to construct an air quality modeling system to allow consistency from global to local scales.

How mobility restrictions policy and atmospheric conditions impacted air quality in the State of São Paulo during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Mobility restrictions are among actions to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and have been pointed as reasons for improving air quality, especially in large cities. However, it is crucial to assess the impact of atmospheric conditions on air quality and air pollutant dispersion in the face of the potential variability of all sources. In this study, the impact of mobility restrictions on the air quality was analyzed for the most populous Brazilian State, São Paulo, severely impacted by COVID-19.

Increasing Freshwater Salinity Impacts Aerosolized Bacteria.

Increases in the salt concentration of freshwater result in detrimental impacts on water quality and ecosystem biodiversity. Biodiversity effects include freshwater microbiota, as increasing salinity can induce shifts in the structure of native freshwater bacterial communities, which could disturb their role in mediating basal ecosystem services. Moreover, salinity affects the wave breaking and bubble-bursting mechanisms via which water-to-air dispersal of bacteria occurs.

Self-management Behaviors and Anthropometric Indices after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

Background: The aim of this study was to correlate the connection between self-management behaviors and anthropometric indices after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Methods: A sample of 180 patients suffering from obesity were treated with RYGB in 2019; 6 and 18 months after surgery, anthropometric indices, including weight, waist circumference, waist- to-height ratio, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio, were gauged, and participants completed the post-bariatric surgery self-management behaviors questionnaire.

Results: Correlation matrix results showed that all anthropometric indices had a significant positive relationship with self-management behaviors after RYGB; the results of the 18-month post-surgical follow-up exhibited no significant difference between anthropometric indices and self-management behaviors, 6 and 18 months after surgery.

Biallelic TMEM251 variants in patients with severe skeletal dysplasia and extreme short stature.

Skeletal dysplasias are a heterogeneous group of disorders ranging from mild to lethal skeletal defects. We investigated two unrelated families with individuals presenting with a severe skeletal disorder. In family NMD02, affected individuals had a dysostosis multiplex-like skeletal dysplasia and severe short stature (<-8.

Effects of partial internal biliary diversion on long-term outcomes in patients with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis: experience in 44 patients.

Purpose: Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a hereditary disease characterized by cholestasis, which may cause jaundice, severe pruritus, and cirrhosis in the later stages. By the invention of biliary diversion methods, these patients were prevented from undergoing liver transplant. Using biliary diversion techniques, the entero-hepatic cycle was interrupted.

Influence of bromine and iodine chemistry on annual, seasonal, diurnal, and background ozone: CMAQ simulations over the Northern Hemisphere.

Bromine and iodine chemistry has been updated in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to better capture the influence of natural emissions from the oceans on ozone concentrations. Annual simulations were performed using the hemispheric CMAQ model without and with bromine and iodine chemistry. Model results over the Northern Hemisphere show that including bromine and iodine chemistry in CMAQ not only reduces ozone concentrations within the marine boundary layer but also aloft and inland.

Cellular mesoblastic nephroma in infants and children: Report of four cases and review of the literature.

Background: Cellular mesoblastic nephroma is rare after infancy, and there are many controversial reports about its clinical presentation and treatment as well as outcome in infants, young children, and adolescents.

Objectives: In this report, we will discuss our experience with four cases of cellular mesoblastic nephroma presented from infancy to childhood (from 18 months of age to 11 years of age).

Cases: During 10 years, we had the experience of 4 cases of pediatric renal tumor with the diagnosis of cellular mesoblastic nephroma, which have been followed between 1 year and 6 years.

Intercomparison of Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) Measurements for Atmospheric Science during the LAPSE-RATE Campaign.

Small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) are rapidly transforming atmospheric research. With the advancement of the development and application of these systems, improving knowledge of best practices for accurate measurement is critical for achieving scientific goals. We present results from an intercomparison of atmospheric measurement data from the Lower Atmospheric Process Studies at Elevation-a Remotely piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE) field campaign.

Self-Management Behaviors in Obese Patients Undergoing Surgery Based on General and Specific Adherence Scales.

Background: Adherence has been defined as the degree to which a patient's voluntary behavior corresponds with the clinical recommendations of health care providers. The aim of this study was to predict self-management behaviors in obese patients undergoing surgery based on general and specific adherence scales.

Methods: All obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery in Ghadir Mother and Child Hospital, Shiraz, Iran from April 2017 to September 2017 were enrolled.

Coordinated Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) and Ground-Based Weather Measurements to Predict Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs).

Concentrations of airborne chemical and biological agents from a hazardous release are not spread uniformly. Instead, there are regions of higher concentration, in part due to local atmospheric flow conditions which can attract agents. We equipped a ground station and two rotary-wing unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) with ultrasonic anemometers.