Radical Coupling Initiated by Organophosphine Addition to Ynoates.

Dual nucleophilic phosphine photoredox catalysis is yet to be developed due to facile oxidation of the phosphine organocatalyst to the phosphoranyl radical cation. Herein, we report a reaction design that avoids this event and exploits traditional nucleophilic phosphine organocatalysis with photoredox catalysis to allow the Giese coupling with ynoates. The approach has good generality, while its mechanism is supported by cyclic voltametric, Stern-Volmer quenching, and interception studies.

Influenza A (H3) illness and viral aerosol shedding from symptomatic naturally infected and experimentally infected cases.

Background: It has long been known that nasal inoculation with influenza A virus produces asymptomatic to febrile infections. Uncertainty persists about whether these infections are sufficiently similar to natural infections for studying human-to-human transmission.

Methods: We compared influenza A viral aerosol shedding from volunteers nasally inoculated with A/Wisconsin/2005 (H3N2) and college community adults naturally infected with influenza A/H3N2 (2012-2013), selected for influenza-like illness with objectively measured fever or a positive Quidel QuickVue A&B test.

Minimal transmission in an influenza A (H3N2) human challenge-transmission model within a controlled exposure environment.

Uncertainty about the importance of influenza transmission by airborne droplet nuclei generates controversy for infection control. Human challenge-transmission studies have been supported as the most promising approach to fill this knowledge gap. Healthy, seronegative volunteer 'Donors' (n = 52) were randomly selected for intranasal challenge with influenza A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2).

Tandem Photoredox Catalysis: Enabling Carbonylative Amidation of Aryl and Alkylhalides.

We report a new visible-light-mediated carbonylative amidation of aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl halides. A tandem catalytic cycle of [Ir(ppy) (dtb-bpy)] generates a potent iridium photoreductant through a second catalytic cycle in the presence of DIPEA, which productively engages aryl bromides, iodides, and even chlorides as well as primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl iodides. The versatile in situ generated catalyst is compatible with aliphatic and aromatic amines, shows high functional-group tolerance, and enables the late-stage amidation of complex natural products.

Blood Epstein-Barr virus DNA does not predict outcome in advanced HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma.

In HIV-seronegative patients with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viraemia at diagnosis predicts a worse progression-free survival (PFS), independent of the International Prognostic Score. However, its role in HIV-associated HL is uncharacterised. We collected clinico-pathologic and treatment data from a prospective series of 44 HIV-associated HLs from 2000 to 2016.

Anxiety, depression and quality of life in individuals with phantom limb pain.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate emotional factors such as anxiety and depression, and the Quality of Life of individuals with chronic persistent pain after amputation in order to identify the interindividual variation in response to pain.

Methods: This was a descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional study with quantitative approach. Twenty seven patients were interviewed.

The direct α-C(sp(3))-H functionalisation of N-aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines via an iron-catalysed aerobic nitro-Mannich reaction and continuous flow processing.

An efficient nitro-Mannich type direct α-C(sp(3))-H functionalisation of N-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines catalysed by simple iron salts in combination with O2 as the terminal oxidant is described. The use of a Teflon AF-2400 membrane Tube-in-Tube reactor under continuous flow conditions allowed for considerable process intensification to be achieved relative to previous batch methods.

[Primary care physicians and community pharmacists: a tandem collaboration that should be strengthened and (re)focused on the patient?].

In addition to the well-established interdisciplinary relationship of doctors and pharmacists when dealing with specific patients, new and more structured forms of interaction are emerging aimed at improving the overall quality and efficiency of patient care. We explore the challenges of a productive patient-centered collaboration between these two health care professions and describe three examples from french speaking part of Switzerland which demonstrate how primary care physicians and pharmacists can effectively collaborate on more than one level to the patient's benefit. Special attention will be given to the role of pharmacists at the heart of integrated health systems, which are about to be implemented in Switzerland.

Microscopy detection of rectal gonorrhoea in asymptomatic men.

This audit aimed to determine the usefulness of microscopy to detect presumptive rectal gonorrhoea (GC) infection in asymptomatic men. We retrospectively audited more than 400 male patients attending a London genitourinary medicine clinic from January 2005 to March 2007 who tested rectal culture positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and compared this with the microscopy detection rate. In total, 123/423 (29%) of culture positive samples were microscopy positive.

Maneuvering in juvenile carcharhinid and sphyrnid sharks: the role of the hammerhead shark cephalofoil.

The peculiar head morphology of hammerhead sharks has spawned a variety of untested functional hypotheses. One of the most intuitively appealing ideas is that the anterior foil acts, as in canard-winged aircraft, to increase maneuverability. We tested this hypothesis by determining whether juveniles of two hammerhead species (Sphyrna tiburo and S.

The sexually dimorphic cephalofoil of bonnethead sharks, Sphyrna tiburo.

Sexually dimorphic head shape is common in vertebrates from teleosts to mammals. Herein we document that cephalic sexual dimorphism is also found in the cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes). Male bonnethead sharks develop a prominent bulge along the anterior margin of the cephalofoil at the onset of sexual maturity.

Olfactory morphology of carcharhinid and sphyrnid sharks: does the cephalofoil confer a sensory advantage?

Many hypotheses have been advanced to explain the adaptive significance of the sphyrnid cephalofoil, including potential advantages of spacing the olfactory organs at the distal tips of the broad surface. We employed comparative morphology to test whether the sphyrnid cephalofoil provides better stereo-olfaction, increases olfactory acuity, and samples a greater volume of the medium compared to the situation in carcharhiniform sharks. The broadly spaced nares provide sphyrnid species with a significantly greater separation between the olfactory rosettes, which could lead to an enhanced ability to resolve odor gradients.

Neuroglian and FasciclinII can promote neurite outgrowth via the FGF receptor Heartless.

To further investigate the role of the Drosophila cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), we have developed an in vitro assay that allows us to test the contribution individual CAMs make to promote outgrowth of specific Drosophila neurons. The extension of primary cultured neurons on a substrate of purified recombinant CAM is measured. We show that both FasciclinII and Neuroglian are able to promote outgrowth of FasciclinII or Neuroglian expressing neurons, respectively.