[Development of carnosine eyedrops and assessing their efficacy in corneal diseases].

Stable eye drops of 5% carnosine have been developed. Trials of the drug on mice, rats, rabbits, and dogs showed it to be well tolerated at both total and local levels. In animals the eye drops did not affect the diameter of the pupil, nor did they increase the intraocular pressure.

[Characterization of the anti-ulcer effectiveness of carnosine].

The protective effect of natural dipeptide carnosine on gastric and duodenal mucosal lesions induced by acetic acid application was studied on rats. An increase in total area of the erosions on the stomach and duodenum was significantly inhibited by oral and intraperitoneal administration of carnosine. In addition, carnosine normalized the level of amino acids undergoing change during gastric mucosal injury.

[Interactions of various amino acids, dipeptides and glutathione with hypochlorite anion (CLO-)].

The specific features of interaction between sodium hypochlorite and various amino compounds were examined. It is shown that in the first reaction munite, methionine and glutathione are the most active in neutralizing hypochlorite anion, while histidine, glycine, alanine, dipeptides and taurine are less active. The chloroamino complexes formed by dipeptides and taurine are the most resistant.

[A comparison of the antioxidative activity of carnosine by using chemical and biological models].

The difference in the efficiency of carnosine as an antioxidant was found to be explained both by the source of carnosine and the specificity of models used to achieve visualization. Commercial carnosine samples were contaminated with compound (s) absorbing at 255-332 nm. At the same time they possessed better antioxidant activity in the models with Fe2-induced peroxidation process.

[Assessment of the conformational stability of various classes of human lens crystallins using a monomolecular layer method].

Surface denaturation kinetics of different classes of crystallins have been studied by monolayer technique at air-NaCl solution interfaces. An increase of the conformation stability puts in the following order: pre-alpha << alpha approximately equal to beta H approximately equal to beta L approximately equal to gamma.

[Surface activity and wetting action of preparations of artificial tears].

The surface tension of dilute solutions of 14 artificial tears preparations and natural tears has been measured. Their wettability action on the paraffin surface has been estimated. The preparations with optimal wettability have been determined.

[Diadenosine oligophosphates: metabolic pathways and role in regulating the functional activity of cells].

Recent data on the content and biological role of diadenosine oligophosphates in procaryotic and eucaryotic cells, animal tissues and organs are reviewed. The specific ways of their synthesis and dissociation are presented. The role of diadenosine oligophosphates in regulation of cell proliferation and as protectors from cells damage with cytotoxic agents in discussed.

[The interaction of taurine and beta-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine) with hypochlorite anion (ClO-)].

Dipeptide carnosine and amino acid taurine have been found to actively interact with hypochlorite anion. Chloramine complexes obtained during this reaction were more stable in case of taurine. It is suggested that therapeutic effect of new Russian eye drops taufon and sevitin is due to neutralization of the reaction product hypochlorite anion catalyzed by myeloperoxidase.

[Surface tension of diluted solutions of human tears in the normal state and in various types of eye pathology].

It is shown that the measurement of diluted solutions surface tension of normal tears and tears at different eye pathologies (cataract, glaucoma before and after operation) gave identical results. It is interpreted as a normal function of the lacrimal gland at these pathologies.

[The role of myeloperoxidase, a product of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes, in the pathogenesis of cataract].

The capacity of myeloperoxidase which is the product of polymorphonuclear leucocytes to induce the lens opacity was studied in young and old rabbits. It was found that the injection of myeloperoxidase solution into anterior chamber of the eye causes the irreversible lens opacification in old rabbits, not in young ones. Light microscopy of the lens section has shown the following alterations: the local thickening of the anterior capsule, disorderly accumulation of epithelial cells, formation of so-called "bladder cells" under the lens epithelium.

[The use of carnosine in medical practice. Priorities: past and future].

The history of the discovery of curative effects of carnosine and its perspective applications in the clinical practice are reviewed. The molecular mechanisms of carnosine interactions with free oxygen radicals (hypochlorite anion, in particular) are considered.

[Characteristics of chloramine complexes of carnosine with hypochlorite anion].

Carnosine interaction with CIO results in the formation of a stable chloramine complex. The binding of the whole bulk of hypochlorite to carnosine is completed within one minute of incubation. During subsequent 2-hour incubation no more than 15% of the chloramine complex is destroyed; this property of carnosine makes it similar to taurine.

[Formation of stable chloramine complex in interactions of carnosine and hypochlorite anion].

Nowadays carnosine is considered as a promising drug for different diseases. However, mechanism of its action has not been found yet. The study evaluated the interaction between carnosine and sodium hypochlorite.

[Interaction of myeloperoxidase and defensins with lipid monolayers].

Myeloperoxidase and defensin interaction with lipid mixtures of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol or rat eye lens lipids were studied. The solubility of myeloperoxidase in 1-octanol and octanol was determined. It was shown that myeloperoxidase can be concentrated at the interface and is readily soluble in the membrane lipid phase.

[Interaction of inflammation mediators (myeloperoxidase and defensin) with mixed monolayers from lens lipids and crystallins].

Accumulation of inflammation mediators (myeloperoxidase and defensin) on lens membranes was studied in a model system. For this purpose ability of these proteins to interact with mixed monolayers from the lens lipids and lens proteins (crystallins) was appreciated.

[Chemiluminescence decrease of singlet oxygen in NaClO+H2O2 reaction in the presence of different anti-cataract drugs].

Singlet oxygen was produced in chemical reaction NaClO+ H2O2. Action of different well-known anti-cataract drugs on this reaction was studied. There is no doubt that the singlet oxygen chemiluminescence decreases in the presence of Catalin and Baineiting.

[Modeling the interaction of anti-cataract drugs with membranes of normal human crystalline lenses and those with cataracts].

Anti-cataract drugs ability to diffuse into the lens at different forms of cataract was studied on a model system. For this purpose the ability of these drugs to interact with monolayers of lipids from normal and cataract lenses was appreciated. It was shown that the equilibrium surface pressure developed by the drugs after their injection under the monolayer did not depend on whether normal or pathological lipids were used.

[Peroxidation of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol in mixed monolayers].

Peroxidation of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol in mixed monolayers at the air-water surface is studied. It is shown that the rate of phosphatidylcholine peroxidation is abruptly decreased in the presence of cholesterol.

[Myeloperoxidase interaction with mixed monolayers of lecithin and cholesterol].

Interaction between myeloperoxidase and mixtures of lecithin-cholesterol monolayers were investigated. Solubility of the enzyme in 1-octanol or in octanol were tested too. It is shown that myeloperoxidase demonstrates an ability to concentrate on phase limits.

[Immunochemical analysis of water-soluble antigens of the cornea].

Rabbits were immunized by the water soluble cow cornea antigens. The particle immunochemical identity between cow cornea antigens and cow lens, vitreous humor, aqueous humor, iris, choroid and retina was found in reaction of immunodiffusion in gel. Immune cross reactions between cow cornea antigens and human antigens of different tissue were absent.

[Decrease of singlet oxygen chemiluminescence by the presence of carnosine].

To test antiradical medicines effect the chemical production of singlet oxygen (NaClO + H2O2) was investigated. The quantity singlet oxygen chemiluminescence was decreased in the presence of Japanese Catalin and Chine Baineiting, antirheumatic Voltaren and less strong Finish Catachrome and Carnosine. American Quinax does not possess such an effect.

[Detection of myeloperoxidase in eye tissues of man].

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme which usually detected in leukocytes of peripheral blood. Its principal function is to produce bactericidal hypochlorite-ions in reaction of hydrogen peroxide with chlor ions. The present work deals with testing myeloperoxidase activity in different eye tissues.