The Safety Profile of Amiodarone Among Older Adults (age ≥ 75 years): A Pharmacovigilance Study from the FDA Data.

Background: Amiodarone is a widely used antiarrhythmic agent with significant toxicities and drug interactions more likely to affect older adults. Nevertheless, data regarding amiodarone safety in this population are limited.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) data from 2003 to 2024 .

Eradication Therapy to Prevent Gastric Cancer in H. pylori-positive individuals: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies.

Background & Aims: Screening for, and treating, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the general population or patients with early gastric neoplasia could reduce incidence of, and mortality from, gastric cancer. We updated a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining this issue.

Core Components of Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs: 2024 Update: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Endorsed by the American College of Cardiology.

The science of cardiac rehabilitation and the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease has progressed substantially since the most recent American Heart Association and American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation update on the core components of cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs was published in 2007. In addition, the advent of new care models, including virtual and remote delivery of cardiac rehabilitation services, has expanded the ways that cardiac rehabilitation programs can reach patients. In this scientific statement, we update the scientific basis of the core components of patient assessment, nutritional counseling, weight management and body composition, cardiovascular disease and risk factor management, psychosocial management, aerobic exercise training, strength training, and physical activity counseling.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Inter-Pulse Interval Does Not Influence Corticospinal Excitability to the Biceps Brachii During Submaximal Isometric Elbow Flexion.

Previous research on resting muscles has shown that inter-pulse interval (IPI) duration influences transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) responses, which can introduce serious confounding variables into investigations if not accounted for. However, it is far less clear how IPI influences TMS responses in active muscles. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between IPI and corticospinal excitability during submaximal isometric elbow flexion.

Electrical cutaneous stimulation of the foot sole does not enhance rate of torque development during maximal effort isometric plantarflexion in females.

Rate of torque development (RTD) measures how rapidly one can generate torque and is crucial for balance and athletic performance. Fast RTD depends on the rapid recruitment of high threshold motor units (MUs). Cutaneous electrical stimulation has been shown to alter MU excitability, favoring high threshold MUs via reduced recruitment thresholds.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness From Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Is a Comprehensive Risk-stratifying Tool in Liver Transplant Candidates.

Background: Cardiovascular disease and physical decline are prevalent and associated with morbidity/mortality in liver transplant (LT) patients. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) provides comprehensive cardiopulmonary and exercise response assessments. We investigated cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiac stress generated during CPX in LT candidates.

Sex differences in the association between skeletal muscle energetics and perceived physical fatigability: the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA).

Greater perceived physical fatigability and lower skeletal muscle energetics are both predictors of mobility decline. Characterizing associations between muscle energetics and perceived fatigability may provide insight into potential targets to prevent mobility decline. We examined associations of in vivo (maximal ATP production, ATPmax) and ex vivo (maximal carbohydrate supported oxidative phosphorylation [max OXPHOS] and maximal fatty acid supported OXPHOS [max FAO OXPHOS]) measures of mitochondrial energetics with two measures of perceived physical fatigability, Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS, 0-50, higher = greater) and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE Fatigability, 6-20, higher = greater) after a slow treadmill walk.

Core Components of Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs: 2024 Update: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation.

The science of cardiac rehabilitation and the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease has progressed substantially since the most recent American Heart Association and American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation update on the core components of cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs was published in 2007. In addition, the advent of new care models, including virtual and remote delivery of cardiac rehabilitation services, has expanded the ways that cardiac rehabilitation programs can reach patients. In this scientific statement, we update the scientific basis of the core components of patient assessment, nutritional counseling, weight management and body composition, cardiovascular disease and risk factor management, psychosocial management, aerobic exercise training, strength training, and physical activity counseling.

Upper arm muscle activity is influenced by both forearm posture and wrist exertion direction during isometric wrist flexion and extension.

The purpose of this study was to determine how wrist exertion direction and forearm posture independently influence upper arm muscle activity during isometric wrist contractions. Surface electromyography was recorded from three muscles of the upper-limb: biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and brachioradialis. Participants were seated with their forearm supported in one of three postures (supinated/neutral/pronated) with an adjustable force transducer that could be placed either above, below, or to the right/left of the participant's hand.

Do improvements in motivational language predict alcohol use in motivational interviewing? Ambivalence matters.

Objective: Motivational Interviewing (MI) is described as a method for improving clinical outcomes by reducing client ambivalence. If this is true, MI's focus on improving clients' motivational language should be most useful for clients with ambivalence about change and less valuable for those who are ready to implement new behaviors or are opposed to change. To address this hypothesis and potentially add precision to MI delivery in clinical settings, we tested whether the relationship between clients' in-session motivational language and posttreatment alcohol use depended on their baseline motivation to change.

The role of maximal inspiratory pressure on functional performance in adults with heart failure.

Background: Exercise intolerance is common among adults with heart failure (HF) and is a strong prognostic indicator. We examined maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) as an indicator of maximal and submaximal exercise capacity in older HF patients.

Methods: Fifty-one patients age ≥ 50 years with HF underwent MIP testing via the PrO device.

Sustained submaximal isometric wrist flexion and wrist extension contractions uniquely impair maximal voluntary contraction force in the antagonist wrist action.

When fatigued, the wrist extensors, which are the primary wrist stabilizers, impair distal upper limb motor performance in a surprisingly similar way as when fatiguing the wrist flexors. It is possible that the wrist extensors are so active as antagonists that they develop an equal degree of fatigue during wrist flexion contractions, making it difficult to truly isolate their impact on performance. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine how wrist flexion/extension forces are impaired following either agonist or antagonist sustained submaximal wrist contractions.

A Pragmatic Approach to Introducing Translational Geroscience Into the Clinic: A Paradigm Based on the Incremental Progression of Aging-Related Clinical Research.

Geroscience posits that molecular drivers underlie the aging process. Gerotherapeutics entail strategies to counter molecular drivers of aging to reduce the chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes they trigger. Although the concept of gerotherapeutics for prevention has generated much excitement, the implications of prescribing potentially harmful medications to older adults who are "healthy" have been associated with many delays.

Adapting and Evaluating the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Behavioral Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Cardiac Rehabilitation.

Objectives: Study objectives were to: 1) iteratively adapt the Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention (TranS-C) for patients in cardiac rehabilitation (CR; Phase 1) and 2) conduct a preliminary single group pre-post intervention test to a) evaluate procedural feasibility and intervention acceptability and b) to explore preliminary pre-post changes in self-reported sleep, disability, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL; Phase 2).

Method: In Phase 1, 12 individuals in CR and six content experts completed interviews to inform TranS-C adaptations. Interviews were analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis.

Role of Walking Energetics and Perceived Fatigability Differs by Gait Speed: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA).

Background: Slower gait speed may be driven by greater energy deficits and fatigability among older adults. We examined associations of walking energetics and perceived physical fatigability with gait speed among slower and faster walkers. Additionally, we used statistical mediation to examine the role of fatigability in the associations of walking energetics and gait speed using the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA).

Sex Differences in the Association between Skeletal Muscle Energetics and Perceived Physical Fatigability: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA).

Greater perceived physical fatigability and lower skeletal muscle energetics are predictors of mobility decline. Characterizing associations between muscle energetics and perceived fatigability may provide insight into potential targets to prevent mobility decline. We examined associations of (maximal ATP production, ATPmax) and (maximal carbohydrate supported oxidative phosphorylation [max OXPHOS] and maximal fatty acid supported OXPHOS [max FAO OXPHOS]) measures of mitochondrial energetics with two measures of perceived physical fatigability, Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS, 0-50, higher=greater) and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE Fatigability, 6-20, higher=greater) after a slow treadmill walk.

Skeletal Muscle SIRT3 Deficiency Contributes to Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a major complication linked to adverse outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), yet no specific therapies exist for PH associated with HFpEF (PH-HFpEF). We have recently reported on the role of skeletal muscle SIRT3 (sirtuin-3) in modulation of PH-HFpEF, suggesting a novel endocrine signaling pathway for skeletal muscle modulation of pulmonary vascular remodeling.

Methods: Using skeletal muscle-specific knockout mice () and mass spectrometry-based comparative secretome analysis, we attempted to define the processes by which skeletal muscle SIRT3 defects affect pulmonary vascular health in PH-HFpEF.

Associations between regional adipose tissue distribution and skeletal muscle bioenergetics in older men and women.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine associations of ectopic adipose tissue (AT) with skeletal muscle (SM) mitochondrial bioenergetics in older adults.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from 829 adults ≥70 years of age were used. Abdominal, subcutaneous, and visceral AT and thigh muscle fat infiltration (MFI) were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging.

Immunogenicity Risk Assessment of Process-Related Impurities in An Engineered T Cell Receptor Cellular Product.

Cell therapies such as genetically modified T cells have emerged as a promising and viable treatment for hematologic cancers and are being aggressively pursued for a wide range of diseases and conditions that were previously difficult to treat or had no cure. The process development requires genetic modifications to T cells to express a receptor (engineered T cell receptor (eTCR)) of specific binding qualities to the desired target. Protein reagents utilized during the cell therapy manufacturing process, to facilitate these genetic modifications, are often present as process-related impurities at residual levels in the final drug product and can represent a potential immunogenicity risk upon infusion.

Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC): human studies design and protocol.

Physical activity, including structured exercise, is associated with favorable health-related chronic disease outcomes. Although there is evidence of various molecular pathways that affect these responses, a comprehensive molecular map of these molecular responses to exercise has not been developed. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) is a multicenter study designed to isolate the effects of structured exercise training on the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exercise and physical activity.

Muscle Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Capacities Are Associated With Multimorbidity Burden in Older Adults: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging.

Background: The geroscience hypothesis posits that aging biological processes contribute to many age-related deficits, including the accumulation of multiple chronic diseases. Though only one facet of mitochondrial function, declines in muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic capacities may contribute to this increased susceptibility to multimorbidity.

Methods: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA) assessed ex vivo muscle mitochondrial energetics in 764 older adults (mean age = 76.