Impact of orthophosphate on the solubility and properties of lead orthophosphate nanoparticles.

Orthophosphate (PO) is a commonly used corrosion control treatment to reduce lead (Pb) concentrations in drinking water. PO reduces Pb concentrations by forming relatively insoluble lead phosphate (Pb-PO) minerals. In some cases, however, Pb-PO minerals have been observed to form nanoparticles, and if suspended in water, these nanoparticles can be mobile and reach consumer taps.

Development and optimization of a systematic approach to identifying lead service lines: One community's success.

Lead service lines (LSLs), when present, are the largest source of lead in drinking water, and their removal is necessary to reduce public exposure to lead from drinking water. Unfortunately, the composition of many service lines (SLs) is uncertain. The town of Bennington, Vermont, for example, has unreliable SL records, making it challenging to build an inventory and conduct an LSL replacement program.

Lead in synthetic and municipal drinking water varies by field versus laboratory analysis.

Water lead measurements by two field analyzers, relying on anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and fluorescence spectroscopy, were compared to reference laboratory measurements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in progressively complex datasets (phases A, B, C), to assess field analyzer performance. Under controlled laboratory quantitative tests of dissolved lead within the field analysis range and optimal temperature range, lead recoveries by ASV ranged within 85-106 % of reference laboratory values (corresponding linear model: y = 0.96x, r = 0.

Comparison of two culture methods for the enumeration of Legionella pneumophila from potable water samples.

Legionella infections have steadily increased in the United States over the last 20 years, and most of these infections have been attributed to contaminated water. The gold standard for confirmation of Legionella presence in water is culturing with Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract (BCYE) agar. Following many modifications, this method is still time-consuming, expensive, and can take longer than 10 days for full confirmation.

Effectiveness of point-of-use and pitcher filters at removing lead phosphate nanoparticles from drinking water.

Orthophosphate (PO) addition is a common corrosion control treatment used to lower lead (Pb) concentrations at the consumer's tap by forming relatively insoluble Pb-phosphate (Pb-PO) minerals. However, some Pb-PO particles that can form in drinking water are mobile nanoparticles (i.e.

The impact of sampling approach and daily water usage on lead levels measured at the tap.

There are many sampling approaches available for lead (Pb) in drinking water. Selecting the best approach for its intended use is critical. The objective of this work was to compare water Pb levels collected by multiple sampling approaches from a model home plumbing system (HPS) that included an old Pb service line (LSL), as a function of daily water usage.

Lead Particle Size Fractionation and Identification in Newark, New Jersey's Drinking Water.

Following a pH reduction in their drinking water over a span of more than 20 years, the City of Newark, New Jersey, has struggled with elevated lead (Pb) release from Pb service lines and domestic plumbing in the zone fed by the Pequannock Water Treatment Plant. In response, Newark initiated orthophosphate addition and provided faucet-mounted point-of-use (POU) filters and pitcher filters certified for Pb and particulate reduction under NSF/ANSI Standards 53 and 42 to residential homes in that zone. Water chemistry analysis and size fractionation sampling were performed at four of these houses.

Synthesis and characterization of stable lead (II) orthophosphate nanoparticle suspensions.

There is great interest in producing nanoparticles for various applications. The objective of this work was to develop a procedure for reproducibly creating stable lead (Pb) phosphate nanoparticle aqueous suspensions. A stable 5 mg/L Pb-phosphate nanoparticle "stock" suspension was synthesized via chemical precipitation of Pb and orthophosphate in water at pH 7.

Non-opioid pharmacologic treatment of chronic spinal cord injury-related pain.

Spinal cord injury-related pain is often a severe debilitating condition that adversely affects the patient's physical health, psychological wellbeing and quality of life. Opioid medications have historically been prescribed to this population with great frequency. As opioid abuse disorder becomes an ever-worsening public health issue, more attention must be placed upon non-opioid options.

The effect of zoledronic acid on attenuation of bone loss at the hip and knee following acute traumatic spinal cord injury: a randomized-controlled study.

Study Design: Randomized double blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Objectives: To examine the effect of early intravenous zoledronic acid (ZA) on bone markers and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in persons with acute ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) A traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting: Two inpatient rehabilitation units.

Persons With Chronic Spinal Cord Injuries in the Emergency Department: a Review of a Unique Population.

Background: Persons with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are frequent utilizers of emergency medical services but are a poorly understood and medically complex population. As the treatment of acute spinal cord injuries improves, there is a growing population of patients suffering from the chronic neurological deficits and altered homeostasis resulting from those injuries.

Objectives: We sought to highlight the unique diagnostic challenges of treating persons with SCIs and to review ailments uncommon in the general population but often encountered in this population.

Post-traumatic syringomyelia refractory to surgical intervention: a series of cases on recurrent syringomyelia.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze a series of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) patients with a diagnosis of syrinx who had recurrence of symptomatic syrinx following surgical intervention.

Design: This is a patient series.

Setting: The study was conducted in an acute inpatient rehabilitation facility.

Lower extremity hemorrhage in patients with spinal cord injury receiving enoxaparin therapy.

Low-molecular-weight heparin is commonly favored over unfractionated heparin because of its predictable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. However, full-dose enoxaparin can cause major soft tissue bleeding that may lead to compartment syndrome and even limb amputation. In patients with spinal cord injury, range of motion exercises should be carefully performed if on full-dose enoxaparin.

Advances in the rehabilitation management of acute spinal cord injury.

Aggressive assessment and management of the secondary complications in the hours and days following spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to restoration of function in patients through intervention by a team of rehabilitation professionals. The recent certification of SCI physicians, newly validated assessments of impairment and function measures, and international databases agreed upon by SCI experts should lead to documentation of improved rehabilitation care. This chapter highlights recent advances in assessment and treatment based on evidence-based classification of literature reviews and expert opinion in the acute phase of SCI.

Normalization of central cord syndrome spinal cord injury urodynamics after intrathecal baclofen therapy: a case report.

Objective. To report a case of improved urodynamics in a central cord syndrome spinal cord injury after intrathecal baclofen therapy. Methods.

Rehabilitation of neuromyelitis optica (Devic syndrome): three case reports.

We describe the inpatient clinical rehabilitation course of three patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO; Devic syndrome). These patients had varying functional deficits. Each patient improved in several functional independence measures (FIM domains) but had minimal to no progress in other domains after acute rehabilitation stays between 1 and 1.

Spinal cord infarction secondary to cocaine use.

A 27-yr-old woman recreationally inhaled cocaine. Several hours later, she noted chest tightness, back and neck pain, and later bilateral upper-extremity weakness. Physical examination revealed flaccid paresis of the upper extremities.

Spinal cord injury rehabilitation. 4. Individual experience, personal adaptation, and social perspectives.

This learner-directed module highlights contemporary perspectives on personal success in the adjustment and adaptation of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). It is the fourth in a series of five modules within the chapter on spinal cord injury rehabilitation in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This module explores models of the multisystem effects on a person after SCI, disablement, theories of adjustment, patient autonomy, quality of life, community experience, adaptations enhancing sexuality, and minimization of pain after SCI.

Spinal cord injury rehabilitation. 3. Functional outcomes.

This self-directed learning module highlights new advances in this topic area. It is part of the chapter on spinal cord injury rehabilitation in the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This article contains information about mobility, ambulation, upper extremity function, bowel management, and technology to enhance function in the community.

Spinal cord injury rehabilitation. 1. Assessment and management during acute care.

This self-directed learning module highlights new advances in this topic area. It is part of the chapter on spinal cord injury rehabilitation for the Self-Directed Physiatric Education Program for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This section contains information about initial care after injury, injury classification, injury description, prevention of complications, and prognosis.

Chronic spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injuries predispose patients to numerous complications. The care of such patients requires attention to multiple bodily systems, sensitivity to the effects of interventions on function and lifestyle, and a special vigilance because of the tendency of spinal cord injuries to mask problems. Improved clinical care, however, has increased the life expectancy of people with spinal cord injuries and therefore the prevalence of such injuries.

Burns after spinal cord injury.

The problem of burns after spinal cord injury is described. Chart review was performed on thirty-five known cases. All burns occurred below the level of the lesion (p less than .