Recovery of Nutrients from Cod Processing Waters.

Liquid side-streams from food industries can be processed and used in food applications and contribute to reduce the environmental footprint of industries. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of protein and phosphorus separation processes, namely microfiltration, ultrafiltration and flocculation, using protein-rich process waters with low (LS) and high (HS) salt content from the processing of salted cod (Gadus morhua). The application of different flocculants (chitosan lactate and Levasil RD442) were evaluated at different concentrations and maturation periods (0, 1 or 3 h).

Two-phase microalgae cultivation for RAS water remediation and high-value biomass production.

The overall goal of this study was to provide solutions to innovative microalgae-based technology for wastewater remediation in a cold-water recirculating marine aquaculture system (RAS). This is based on the novel concept of integrated aquaculture systems in which fish nutrient-rich rearing water will be used for microalgae cultivation. The produced biomass can be used as fish feed, while the cleaned water can be reused, to create a highly eco-sustainable circular economy.

Protein and Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Recovered from Herring Brines upon Flocculation and Flotation-A Case Study.

A novel integrated process for recovery of protein-enriched biomasses from 5% presalting brines and spice brines of herring () was investigated by combining carrageenan- and/or acid-driven flocculation (F) plus dissolved air flotation (DAF). The F-DAF technique with carrageenan resulted in protein and lipid recoveries from 5% presalting brine of 78 and 38%, respectively. Without flocculation or with only acidification, protein and lipid recoveries in DAF were only 13 and 10%, respectively.

Liquid Side Streams from Mussel and Herring Processing as Sources of Potential Income.

The seafood industry generates significant amounts of process waters which can generate value upon recovery of their nutrients. Process waters from the herring marination chain and cooking of mussels were here characterized in terms of crude composition, volatile compounds, and nutritional and potentially toxic elements. Protein and total fatty acid contents of herring refrigerated sea water (RSW) reached 3 and 0.

Combined effects of isolation temperature and pH on functionality and beany flavor of pea protein isolates for meat analogue applications.

The combined effects of isolation temperature (20, 30 and 40 °C) and pH (2.0-12.0) on yield, techno-functional properties, and beany flavor of pea protein isolates were investigated.

Five cuts from herring (): Comparison of nutritional and chemical composition between co-product fractions and fillets.

Weight distribution, proximate composition, fatty acids, amino acids, minerals and vitamins were investigated in five sorted cuts (head, backbone, viscera + belly flap, tail, fillet) emerging during filleting of spring and fall herring (). The herring co-product cuts constituted ∼ 60 % of the whole herring weight, with backbone and head dominating. Substantial amounts of lipids (5.

Biochemical Characterization and Storage Stability of Process Waters from Industrial Shrimp Production.

Shrimp boiling water (SBW) and shrimp peeling water (SPW), generated during shrimp processing, were characterized in terms of crude composition, volatile compounds, as well as nutritional and potentially toxic elements over a 13 month sampling period. The storage stability of both waters was also evaluated. Results showed that SBW contained on median 14.

Lipid oxidation in sorted herring (Clupea harengus) filleting co-products from two seasons and its relationship to composition.

Lipid oxidation in ice-stored sorted herring fractions (head, backbone, viscera + belly flap, tail, fillet) from spring and fall, and its association with endogenous prooxidants, antioxidants and lipid substrates were investigated. Peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) had increased significantly in all fractions after 1 day, but for both seasons, the most rapid PV and TBARS development occurred in head, which also had highest hemoglobin (Hb) levels and lipoxygenases (LOX) activity. Viscera + belly flap was overall the most stable part, and also had the highest α-tocopherol content.

Site-Specific Variation in Radiomic Features of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Impact on Machine Learning Models.

Current radiomic studies of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are typically based on datasets combining tumors from different locations, assuming that the radiomic features are similar based on histopathologic characteristics. However, molecular pathogenesis and treatment in HNSCC substantially vary across different tumor sites. It is not known if a statistical difference exists between radiomic features from different tumor sites and how they affect machine learning model performance in endpoint prediction.

Overview of Machine Learning Part 1: Fundamentals and Classic Approaches.

The extensive body of research and advances in machine learning (ML) and the availability of a large volume of patient data make ML a powerful tool for producing models with the potential for widespread deployment in clinical settings. This article provides an overview of the classic supervised and unsupervised ML methods as well as fundamental concepts required for understanding how to develop generalizable and high-performing ML applications. It also describes the important steps for developing a ML model and how decisions made in these steps affect model performance and ability to generalize.

Brief History of Artificial Intelligence.

This article reviews the history of artificial intelligence and introduces the reader to major events that prompted interest in the field, as well as pitfalls and challenges that have slowed its development. The purpose of this article is to provide a high-level historical perspective on the development of the field over the past decades, highlighting the potential of the field for transforming health care, but also the importance of setting realistic expectations for artificial intelligence applications to avoid repeating historical cyclical trends and a third "artificial intelligence winter."

Production of GABA-enriched idli with ACE inhibitory and antioxidant properties using Aspergillus oryzae: the antihypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The present study aimed to develop a fermented food (idli) with enhanced γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties using a GABA-producing fungus. Aspergillus oryzae NSK fermented idli batter and GABA was maximized (451.7 mg kg) in 120 h.

Recovery of a protein-rich biomass from shrimp (Pandalus borealis) boiling water: A colloidal study.

Flocculation and sedimentation of a protein-rich biomass from shrimp boiling water (SBW) using food grade polysaccharides (carrageenan, alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)) as flocculants was investigated at different pH-values. The effect of flocculant concentration on particle size and viscosity of SBW was also evaluated. Flocculation with carrageenan (0.

Dual-Energy CT Texture Analysis With Machine Learning for the Evaluation and Characterization of Cervical Lymphadenopathy.

Purpose: To determine whether machine learning assisted-texture analysis of multi-energy virtual monochromatic image (VMI) datasets from dual-energy CT (DECT) can be used to differentiate metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) lymph nodes from lymphoma, inflammatory, or normal lymph nodes.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 412 cervical nodes from 5 different patient groups (50 patients in total) having undergone DECT of the neck between 2013 and 2015 was performed: (1) HNSCC with pathology proven metastatic adenopathy, (2) HNSCC with pathology proven benign nodes (controls for (1)), (3) lymphoma, (4) inflammatory, and (5) normal nodes (controls for (3) and (4)). Texture analysis was performed with TexRAD® software using two independent sets of contours to assess the impact of inter-rater variation.

Radiomics and Artificial Intelligence for Biomarker and Prediction Model Development in Oncology.

Unlabelled Image.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: prediction of cervical lymph node metastasis by dual-energy CT texture analysis with machine learning.

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to evaluate a novel risk stratification model using dual-energy CT (DECT) texture analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with machine learning to (1) predict associated cervical lymphadenopathy and (2) compare the accuracy of spectral versus single-energy (65 keV) texture evaluation for endpoint prediction.

Methods: Eighty-seven patients with HNSCC were evaluated. Texture feature extraction was performed on virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) at 65 keV alone or different sets of multi-energy VMIs ranging from 40 to 140 keV, in addition to iodine material decomposition maps and other clinical information.

Spectral multi-energy CT texture analysis with machine learning for tissue classification: an investigation using classification of benign parotid tumours as a testing paradigm.

Objective: There is a rich amount of quantitative information in spectral datasets generated from dual-energy CT (DECT). In this study, we compare the performance of texture analysis performed on multi-energy datasets to that of virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) at 65 keV only, using classification of the two most common benign parotid neoplasms as a testing paradigm.

Methods: Forty-two patients with pathologically proven Warthin tumour (n = 25) or pleomorphic adenoma (n = 17) were evaluated.

Advanced Tissue Characterization and Texture Analysis Using Dual-Energy Computed Tomography: Horizons and Emerging Applications.

In the last article of this issue, advanced analysis capabilities of DECT is reviewed, including spectral Hounsfield unit attenuation curves, virtual monochromatic images, material decomposition maps, tissue effective Z determination, and other advanced post-processing DECT tools, followed by different methods of analysis of the attenuation curves generated using DECT. The article concludes with exciting future horizons and potential applications, such as the use of the rich quantitative data in dual energy CT scans for texture or radiomic analysis and the use of machine learning methods for generation of prediction models using spectral data.

Endometrial Carcinoma: MR Imaging-based Texture Model for Preoperative Risk Stratification-A Preliminary Analysis.

Purpose To evaluate the associations among mathematical modeling with the use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-based texture features and deep myometrial invasion (DMI), lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), and histologic high-grade endometrial carcinoma. Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained for this retrospective study. This study included 137 women with endometrial carcinomas measuring greater than 1 cm in maximal diameter who underwent 1.

Enzyme Hydrolysates from Stichopus horrens as a New Source for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides.

Stichopus horrens flesh was explored as a potential source for generating peptides with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory capacity using 6 proteases, namely alcalase, flavourzyme, trypsin, papain, bromelain, and protamex. Degree of hydrolysis (DH) and peptide profiling (SDS-PAGE) of Stichopus horrens hydrolysates (SHHs) was also assessed. Alcalase hydrolysate showed the highest DH value (39.

A glutamic acid-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from Malaysian fermented foods.

l-glutamaic acid is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and an important intermediate in metabolism. In the present study, lactic acid bacteria (218) were isolated from six different fermented foods as potent sources of glutamic acid producers. The presumptive bacteria were tested for their ability to synthesize glutamic acid.

Purification, characterization and thermal inactivation kinetics of a non-regioselective thermostable lipase from a genotypically identified extremophilic Bacillus subtilis NS 8.

Thermostable lipase produced by a genotypically identified extremophilic Bacillus subtilis NS 8 was purified 500-fold to homogeneity with a recovery of 16% by ultrafiltration, DEAE-Toyopearl 650M and Sephadex G-75 column. The purified enzyme showed a prominent single band with a molecular weight of 45 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature for activity of lipase were 7.

High throughput quantitative colorimetric microneutralization assay for the confirmation and differentiation of West Nile Virus and St. Louis encephalitis virus.

An automated colorimetric micro-neutralization assay (CmNt) was developed for confirmation and differentiation of West Nile Virus (WNV)-positive human sera as a higher throughput alternative to the standard six-well plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT). CmNt was performed in high-capacity 96-well micro-titer plates and required 4-6 days to complete. Inhibition of infection was determined by reduced neutral red-dye retention and conveniently recorded by a colorimetric plate reader.

Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood glucose and lipid profiles in type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: Recently use of herbal medicines, have been considered as an alternative for therapeutic usage. So, this study was undertaken to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of fenugreek seeds in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: In a clinical trial study, 24 type 2 diabetic patients were placed on 10 grams/day powdered fenugreek seeds mixed with yoghurt or soaked in hot water for 8 weeks.

Persistence of rubella antibodies after 2 doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine.

Background: Since 1990, most schoolchildren in the United States have received a second dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR2) at kindergarten entry. Elimination of endemic rubella virus circulation in the United States was declared in 2004. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the short- and long-term rubella immunogenicity of MMR2.