Post-exposure prophylaxis for the prevention of measles: A systematic review.

Background: In susceptible individuals, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is often recommended following exposure to measles, however the data that these recommendations are based on are limited. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of immunoglobulins (Ig) or measles-containing vaccine (MCV) for the prevention of measles.

Methods: Prospective studies evaluating the use of Ig or MCV as PEP in susceptible individuals exposed to measles were eligible for inclusion.

Summary of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Statement-Updated guidance on Imvamune in the context of a routine immunization program.

Background: Mpox is a viral illness related to smallpox. It can cause flu-like symptoms and a rash, and in severe cases, can lead to hospitalization or death. The Imvamune® vaccine offers protection against mpox.

Equitable health care delivery for adult Nova Scotians: a scoping review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this review is to identify international and Nova Scotian standards of care, CPGs, and policies informing equitable health care.

Introduction: The lack of attention given to intersectional health care needs of diverse populations perpetuates health inequities among under-served groups, creating an urgent need for health care reform globally.

Inclusion Criteria: This scoping review will include standards of care, CPGs, and policies focusing on equity-related health indicators.

Controlling intracellular protein delivery, tumor colonization and tissue distribution using flhDC in clinically relevant ΔsseJ Salmonella.

Effectively targeting intracellular pathways in cancers requires a system that specifically delivers to tumors and internalizes into cancer cells. To achieve this goal, we developed intracellular-delivering (ID) Salmonella with controllable expression of flhDC to regulate flagella production and cell invasion. We hypothesized that controlling flhDC would overcome the poor colonization seen in prior clinical trials.

EAES rapid guideline: surgical management of complicated diverticulitis - with ESCP participation.

Background: The surgical management of complicated diverticulitis varies across Europe. EAES members prioritized this topic to be addressed by a clinical practice guideline through an online questionnaire.

Objective: To develop evidence-informed clinical practice recommendations for key stakeholders involved in the treatment of complicated diverticulitis; to improve operative and perioperative outcomes, patient experience and quality of life through a systematic evidence-to-decision approach by a diverse, multidisciplinary panel.

Surgical management of complicated diverticulitis: systematic review and individual patient data network meta-analysis : An EAES/ESCP collaborative project.

Background: We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of individualized patient data (IPD) to inform the development of evidence-informed clinical practice recommendations.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central in October 2023 to identify RCTs comparing Hartmann's resection (HR), primary resection and anastomosis (PRA), or laparoscopic peritoneal lavage (LPL) among patients with class Ib-IV Hinchey diverticulitis. Outcomes of interest were prioritized by an international, multidisciplinary panel including two patient partners.

Brief Report: Trends in Incidence, Mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in Canada Between 1990 and 2019.

Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy globally. Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is becoming a growing healthcare focus globally, particularly in North America. We estimated trends in incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for EOCRC in Canada between 1990 and 2019.

American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline on the diagnosis and management of GERD: summary and recommendations.

This clinical practice guideline from the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) provides an evidence-based approach for strategies to diagnose and manage GERD. This document was developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework and serves as an update to the 2014 ASGE guideline on the role of endoscopy in the management of GERD. This updated guideline addresses the indications for endoscopy in patients with GERD as well as in the emerging population of patients who develop GERD after sleeve gastrectomy or peroral endoscopic myotomy.

Validity evidence for endoscopic ultrasound competency assessment tools: Systematic review.

Competent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) performance requires a combination of technical, cognitive, and non-technical skills. Direct observation assessment tools can be employed to enhance learning and ascertain clinical competence; however, there is a need to systematically evaluate validity evidence supporting their use. We aimed to evaluate the validity evidence of competency assessment tools for EUS and examine their educational utility.

Setting "cold" tumors on fire: Cancer therapy with live tumor-targeting bacteria.

Immunotherapy with checkpoint blockade has shown remarkable efficacy in many patients with a variety of different types of cancer. However, the majority of patients with cancer have yet to benefit from this revolutionary therapy. Studies have shown that checkpoint blockade works best against immune-inflamed tumors characterized by the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).

Summary of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Statement: Updated guidance on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines.

Background: Without vaccination, approximately 75% of people in Canada will acquire a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in their lifetime. HPV vaccine coverage rates continue to fall short of the national goal of 90% coverage for two or more doses by 17 years of age. Recent evidence and World Health Organization (WHO) guidance now support a 1- or 2-dose schedule for younger age groups, which can simplify vaccination efforts and improve coverage rates compared to a multi-dose immunization program.

The Use of Blood-Based Biomarkers in the Prediction of Colorectal Neoplasia at the Time of Primary Screening Colonoscopy Among Average-Risk Patients: A Systematic Literature Review.

Background/objectives: Risk prediction models (RPMs) for colorectal cancer (CRC) could facilitate risk-based screening. Models incorporating biomarkers may improve the utility of current RPMs. We performed a systematic review of studies reporting RPMs for CRC that evaluated the impact of blood-based biomarkers on clinical outcome prediction at the time of screening colonoscopy in average-risk populations.

COVID-19 vaccine evidence monitoring assisted by artificial Intelligence: An emergency system implemented by the Public Health Agency of Canada to capture and describe the trajectory of evolving pandemic vaccine literature.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a rapid accumulation of novel vaccine research evidence. As a means to monitor this evidence, the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) created the vidence etraction eam for esearch nalysis (), which contributed to situational awareness in Canada through a bibliographic repository used to support decision-making by the National Advisory Committee on Immunization. We describe the process by which this literature was identified and catalogued, and provide an overview of characteristics in the identified literature.

Innovating clinical nursing education using virtual technology to combat the effects of COVID-19: A qualitative study.

Background: At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing effects halted in-person clinical placements in nursing programs at all Canadian universities. To mitigate educational disruption, clinical practicums were pivoted to online delivery, despite knowledge gaps on the perspectives of nursing students and community liaisons on using virtual technology to facilitate clinical placements.

Objective: Accordingly, we explored the impact of using innovative virtual technology to combat the social distancing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on students' and community liaisons' experiences in a clinical community health nursing course.

Adverse Events Associated With Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background & Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related adverse events (AEs) are associated with morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure. We aimed to assess incidences and comparisons of ERCP AEs.

Methods: We included studies performed after 2000 reporting on ERCP AEs from database inception through March 12, 2024.

Multidisciplinary Expert Guidance for the Management of Severe Bleeding on Oral Anticoagulation: An Algorithm for Practicing Clinicians.

Bleeding complications associated with oral anticoagulant (OAC) frequently lead to emergency department visits and hospitalization. Short-term all-cause mortality after severe bleeding is substantial ranging from approximately 10% for gastrointestinal bleeding (the most frequent single site) to approximately 50% for intracranial bleeding. A protocol for multidisciplinary approach to bleeding is needed to (i) ensure rapid identification of patients at risk of adverse outcomes, (ii) optimize delivery of supportive measures, (iii) treat the source of bleeding, and (iv) administer anticoagulant reversal or hemostatic therapies judiciously for patients most likely to benefit.

Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Clinically Significant Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Bleeding: A Contemporary Multicenter Study.

Introduction: Clinically significant post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) bleeding (CSPEB) is common. Contemporary estimates of risk are lacking. We aimed to identify risk factors of and outcomes after CSPEB.