[Anopheles cruzii larvae found in bromelias in an urban area on the Brazilian coast].

The occurrence of Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii larvae is reported for the first time in bromelias on the ground located in an urban area within the municipality of Ilha Bela, on the northern coast of the State of São Paulo. From March 1998 to July 1999 312 immature forms of An. cruzii were captured, being that 8.

[Culicidae in bromeliads: diversity of species by anthropic environments, coastal area of Southeastern Brazil].

Objective: To compare diversity of Culicidae species collected from ground bromeliads in an urban, and periurban area and primitive forest.

Methods: Study carried out in the city of Ilhabela, northern stretch of the coast of the State of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, from March 1998 to July 1999. Fortnightly immature Culicidae collections were undertaken in bromeliad tanks located in urban, and periurban areas, and primitive forest.

Historical analysis of a near disaster: Anopheles gambiae in Brazil.

Attributed to human-mediated dispersal, a species of the Anopheles gambiae complex invaded northeastern Brazil in 1930. This event is considered unique among the intercontinental introductions of disease vectors and the most serious one: "Few threats to the future health of the Americas have equalled that inherent in the invasion of Brazil, in 1930, by Anopheles gambiae." Because it was only in the 1960s that An.

[Vertical and seasonal distribution of Anopheles (Kerteszia) in Ilha Comprida, Southeastern Brazil].

Objective: Anopheles bellator e An. cruzii are vectors of the so-called bromeliad-malaria, typical of conserved areas. The objective was to evaluate the seasonal and vertical distribution of these anophelines, aiming at assessing the risk of malaria transmission.

Cytogenetic study of Anopheles albitarsis (Diptera: Culicidae) by C-banding and in situ hybridization.

The C-banding pattern and the size and location of the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) are described for the first time in Brazilian populations of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis sensu lato. C-banding revealed variation in the size of the centromeric heterochromatic blocks in autosomal chromosomes and in the acrocentric (X) and puntiform (Y) sex chromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the NORs were located in the pericentromeric region of the sex (XX/XY) chromosomes and that this coincided with the number and location of centromeric constitutive heterochromatin blocks previously revealed by C-banding.

[Biogeography, origin, and distribution of triatominae domiciliarity in Brazil. Revista de Saúde Pública, 14(3):265-99, 1980].

An association is established between the Brazilian geographical pattern of the domiciliarity of the triatominae bugs and open lands characterized by natural savanna vegetation or artificial, man-made landscapes. The Brazilian open lands involved are the "caatingas'' and "cerrados", both wholly included in Brazilian territory, while the mixed Southern subtropical prairies belong to systems extending bevond national boundary lines. The other open lands are anthropic-lands opened mainly by the destruction of primitive forests of the tropical Atlantic system.

Karyotype of Brazilian Anopheles albitarsis sensu lato (Diptera:Culicidae).

Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis sensu lato is an important malaria vector in Brazil, especially in the Brazilian Amazon region. Chromosome preparations of fourth-instar larvae of A. albitarsis from Iranduba and Coari (AM) and Ilha Comprida (SP) were analyzed for karyotype determination and to improve cytogenetic identification of this species.

[Aedes albopictus in soil bromeliads in Ilhabela, coastal area of Southeastern Brazil].

Objective: To analyze the presence of Aedes albopictus in soil bromeliads in ecologically distinct environments in terms of positivity, density and volume of water.

Methods: The study was carried out in the municipality of Ilhabela, North coast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Collections were fortnightly performed between March 1998 and July 1999, in containers of bromeliads located in urban, peri-urban and forest environments.

Anopheles albitarsis s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) survivorship and density in a rice irrigation area of the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Collections of Anopheles albitarsis Arribalzaga s.l. were conducted from May 1996 to June 2000 to estimate the human biting rate, and mark-release-recapture experiments were carried out to estimate the daily survival probability.

Susceptibility of urban and rural populations of Aedes albopictus from São Paulo State, Brazil, to infection by dengue-1 and -2 viruses.

In Brazil, dengue viruses (DENV) are transmitted by Aedes aegypti (L.). However, the recent introduction of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) has caused concern, because some populations of this species also are capable of DENV transmission.

[Productivity of Aedes albopictus' breeding containers in Paraíba Valley, Brazil].

Objective: To estimate the potential productivity of artificial, permanent, and natural breeding containers of Aedes albopictus, potential vector species of dengue.

Methods: Three locations were selected for this study: a) warehouse of disposable material goods in the urban area of Pindamonhangaba, state of São Paulo, Brazil; b) a small leisure farmland in Tremembé, state of São Paulo; and c) residual forest in the periurban area of Pindamonhangaba. All breeding containers were assessed and classified according to their water volume ( small (up to 1 liter), medium (over 1 but up to 10 liters), and large (over 10 liters), and type (artificial, natural, and permanent).

Vector competence of rural and urban strains of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) from São Paulo State, Brazil for IC, ID, and IF subtypes of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.

Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is an Asiatic mosquito species that has spread and colonized all continents except Antarctica. It has major public health importance because it is a potential vector of several pathogens. The objectives of our study were to analyze the vector competence of urban and rural strains of Ae.

[Household water reservoirs and control of Aedes aegypti].

Water reservoirs for domestic use are important sites for the development of Aedes aegypti. In poor areas, these reservoirs are often located outdoors upon flat rooftops. In modern architecture buildings, however, the same is seen even in high-class condominiums.

[Survival of Aedes albopictus: physiological age and reproductive history].

Objectives: To study the longevity of Ae. albopictus populations in rural and urban areas in two different feeding conditions and to assess their physiological age and reproductive history.

Methods: Ae.

[Parity and wind impact on the frequency of Anopheles marajoara, São Paulo, Brazil].

Objective: To evaluate the impact of wind velocity on the behavior of An. marajoara population and its parity.

Methods: Collections were made bimonthly from January 1999 to February 2000 in the municipality of Ilha Comprida, Brazil.

Systematic studies on Anopheles galvaoi Causey, Deane & Deane from the subgenus Nysssorhynchus blanchard (Diptera: Culicidae).

Anopheles galvaoi, a member of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus, is redescribed based on morphological characters of the adults male and female, fourth-instar larva and pupa. Female, male genitalia, larval and pupal stages are illustrated. Data about medical importance, bionomics, and distribution are given based on literature records.

Laboratory and field observations on duration of gonotrophic cycle of Anopheles albitarsis s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) in southeastern Brazil.

Mark-release-recapture experiments were conducted to determine the duration of the gonotrophic cycle of Anopheles albitarsis s.l. in Ribeira Valley, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

[Evolutionary epidemiological thought on infections].

The objective of the study is to analyse the main aspects of current epidemiological knowledge on the evolutionary status of infections. Living organisms in the biosphere are part of dynamic systems of variable intensities. Some of these systems are on the surface while others take place inside the genome core.

The eggs of Anopheles galvaoi and Anopheles evansae, two species of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus.

The ultrastructure of the eggs of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) galvaoi Causey, Deane, and Deane and Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) evansae (Brethes) are described and illustrated with scanning electron micrographs. The eggs of these species are similar to those of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) aquasalis Curry, Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi (Peryassu), and Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) konderi Galvão and Damasceno in having floats long, widely joined posteriorly on the dorsal surface, the frill encircling the anterior end of the egg, and the crown absent. A few distinctive characters to distinguish An.

[Emergence of Aedes albopictus in artificial containers].

Objective: To estimate the potential of daily average emergence of Aedes albopictus adult females. Since this species is very close to Aedes aegypti, although it has not been implicated in the spread of dengue in Brazil.

Methods: Observations were carried out fortnightly and incessantly in Pedrinhas, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between 1996 and 2000.

Description of immature stages of Culex ocossa Dyar & Knab, Culex delpontei Duret and Culex pereyrai Duret of the Melanoconion subgenus (Diptera: Culicidae).

The larva and pupa of Culex (Melanoconion) ocossa Dyar & Knab are redescribed and those of Culex (Melanoconion) delpontei Duret and Culex (Melanoconion) pereyrai Duret are described from specimens collected in the states of São Paulo and Paraná, Brazil. The pupa of Cx. ocossa differs from those of the other two species in having seta 5-IV-VI dark with strongly aciculated branches, and caudolateral angle of segment VIII produced into sharp point, and seta 1-P present; Cx.

[Aedes albopictus in bromeliads of anthropic environment in São Paulo State, Brazil].

Objective: Aedes albopictus populations can breed in several kinds of containers, and its presence has also been reported in Bromeliaceae. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological importance of the Bromeliaceae plants as potential breeding sites of Aedes albopictus and to document the associated Culicidae entomofauna found in this micro-habitat.

Methods: Collections of Culicidae larvae were carried out fortnightly in aquatic content of bromeliads during 1998 and 1999.