Relationship Between Gender and Clinician's Subjective Experience during the Interaction with Psychiatric Patients.

Introduction: The clinician's subjective experience can be a valuable element for diagnosis and treatment. A few factors have been recognized that affect it, such as the patient's personality, the severity of psychopathology, and diagnosis. Other factors, such as patient's and clinician's gender, have not been specifically investigated.

The Clinician's Subjective Experience during the Interaction with Adolescent Psychiatric Patients: Validity and Reliability of the Assessment of Clinician's Subjective Experience.

Introduction: The last decade has witnessed a resurgence of interest in the clinician's subjectivity and its role in the diagnostic assessment. Integrating the criteriological, third-person approach to patient evaluation and psychiatric diagnosis with other approaches that take into account the patient's subjective and intersubjective experience may bear particular importance in the assessment of very young patients. The ACSE (Assessment of Clinician's Subjective Experience) instrument may provide a practical way to probe the intersubjective field of the clinical examination; however, its reliability and validity in child and adolescent psychiatrists seeing very young patients is still to be determined.

Clinician's Subjective Experience in the Cross-Cultural Psychiatric Encounter.

Introduction: The clinical encounter is still at the core of the psychiatric evaluation. Since the diagnostic process remains basically clinical in nature, several authors have addressed the complexity of the clinical reasoning process and highlighted the role played by intersubjective phenomena and clinician's feelings. Some recent studies have supported the view of a significant link between the clinician's subjective experience during the assessment and the diagnosis made.

Attachment in Patients with Bipolar and Unipolar Depression: A Comparison with Clinical and Non-clinical Controls.

Background: A link between depression and insecure attachment has long been postulated. Although many studies examined the relationship between depressive symptoms and attachment, relatively few studies were performed on patients diagnosed with depression. Also, research on patients with bipolar disorder is scarce.

Relational variables in short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy: an effectiveness study.

This study examined associations between specific elements of therapeutic relationships and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) outcomes. Notably, we focused on therapists' subjective experiences during their first clinical interaction with patients, countertransference patterns and therapeutic alliance evaluated early in treatment, in relation to patient symptom changes at the end of STPP. Twenty clinicians completed the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale to evaluate patients' (=32) symptom severity at the beginning and end of STPP.

On the Concept of Praecox Feeling.

Despite the development and widespread diffusion of modern nosographic systems, the diagnosis of schizophrenia continues to raise several epistemological issues. To address these issues, a number of researchers are currently pursuing the possibility of an integration between reliable, objective approaches and the intersubjective perspective in the clinical encounter. In the present article, we discuss Rümke's popular concept of praecox feeling, as introduced in 1941 and re-elaborated over the following 20 years.

Delusional Themes Across Affective and Non-Affective Psychoses.

The current debate about the diagnostic significance of delusion revolves around two positions. The neurocognitive position conceives delusion as a non-specific, though polymorphic, symptom. The psychopathological position views features of delusion such as content and structure as having meaningful connections with diagnostic entities.

Psychopathological dimensions and the clinician's subjective experience.

Classical psychopathology highly valued the interaction between clinician and patient, and recent findings have provided preliminary evidence of an association between categorical psychiatric diagnosis and the clinician's subjective experience during the first clinical assessment. To extend these findings, the present study examined the relationship between psychopathological dimensions and clinicians' subjective experiences. The study involved 45 clinicians and 783 patients in several psychiatric inpatient and outpatient units.

Association between Clinician's Subjective Experience during Patient Evaluation and Psychiatric Diagnosis.

Background: Classical psychopathology greatly valued the interaction between clinician and patient, and assigned to the clinician's subjective experience a significant role in the diagnostic process. Psychoanalysis, too, ascribed a privileged position to the clinician's feelings and empathic participation in the assessment and deep understanding of the patient. This study aimed at testing the traditional, though still relatively unexplored empirically, tenet that particular diagnostic groups elicit distinct and diagnostically useful reactions from clinicians.

Assessing clinician's subjective experience during interaction with patients.

Background: While psychiatric literature has shown renewed interest in fine psychopathological investigation, little study has been devoted to the clinician's subjective experience with the patient, which is highly valued by the phenomenological and psychodynamic traditions. We aimed at developing a valid and reliable instrument to measure such experience.

Sampling And Methods: First, 104 self-report items were developed, based on daily clinical practice and references from the literature on clinician's subjective experience.

[Sensitive delusion of reference, rivisitation of a concept: clinical accounts on onset paranoid psychosis].

Aim: In this work it is discussed whether and how Kretchmer's psychopathological reflections about sensitive delusion of reference can offer a relevant interpretative key for clinicians who face cases of acute persecutory psychosis. It is argued the utility and topicality of those psychopathological concepts that aren't commonly investigated, especially in the evaluation and management of onset paranoid psychosis in an emergency ward.

Methods: We provide clinical vignettes of two young patients, admitted in the emergency psychiatry ward, who represent a concrete example of the dynamic-affective comprehension of delusional elaboration, through its embodiment in the individual biographical development.

[Clinician' emotional resonance as investigation tool: development and preliminary validation of a questionnaire].

Aims: A robust psychopathological and psychotherapeutic tradition underscores the importance of the clinician's feelings in the assessment and therapeutic process. Our aim is to develop an instrument to evaluate psychiatrist' experience induced by each patient. This paper describes the development and preliminary validation of this instrument.

[Laughter and depression: hypothesis of pathogenic and therapeutic correlation].

Laughter is a very common behaviour in everyday life, nevertheless scientific literature is lacking in studies which examine closely its nature. The study aims are: to summarise the present knowledge about laughter and its relation with depression and to make hypotheses on its possible therapeutic function. In the first part of the review the main data existing about encephalic structures involved in laughter genesis, which show participation of cortical and subcortical regions, are reported and the effects of laughter on the organism physiologic equilibrium, particularly on the neuroendocrine and immune systems, are described.

An appraisal of intermediate filament expression in adult and developing pancreas: vimentin is expressed in alpha cells of rat and mouse embryos.

Intermediate filaments are frequently used in studies of developmental biology as markers of cell differentiation. To assess whether they can be useful to identify differentiating pancreatic endocrine cells, we examined the pattern of expression of nestin, cytokeratin 20, and vimentin on acetone-fixed cryosections of rat adult and developing pancreas. We also studied vimentin expression in mouse embryonic pancreas at E19.

Nestin expression in adult and developing human kidney.

Nestin is considered a marker of neurogenic and myogenic precursor cells. Its arrangement is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), which is expressed in murine podocytes. We investigated nestin expression in human adult and fetal kidney as well as CDK5 presence in adult human podocytes.

Cytokeratin 20-expressing M cells in tonsils take up particulate antigen. A site for the delivery of vaccines against oral pathogens?

Quantitative and qualitative control of oral bacterial flora is a major issue in oral pathology and in the prophylaxis against cavities. Recent findings suggest that it is possible to induce local immune responses delivering antigens on palatine tonsils. M cells play an important role in the start of the immune response.

Evaluation of biocompatibility of metallic dental materials in cell culture model.

Biocompatibility of metals for dental use was tested using a three-dimensional model consisting of oral keratinocytes cultured on de-epidermised sub-mucosa. The toxicity of orthodontic metallic wire and soldering material was assessed through parameters such as the morphology and growth rate of the keratinocytes, as well as by classical histology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The sharp composition of metallic wires and soldering materials was assessed by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES).

Intercellular junctions in oral epithelial cells: ultrastructural and immunological aspects.

The activation of the molecular cascade leading to Ca++ -induced differentiation in cultured epithelial cells might be provided by the establishment of intercellular junctions between cells. In the present paper, we tested the hypothesis that Ca++ concentration would determine morphological and biochemical changes in intercellular junctions of cultured human gingival cells. Triplicate samples of monolayer cultures of human oral gingival cells were grown with two different Ca++ concentrations (0.

Cytokeratin changes in cell culture systems of epithelial cells isolated from oral mucosa: a short review.

In the past three decades, many studies have analyzed ultrastructural and molecular markers of differentiation in squamous stratified epithelial tissues. In these tissues, epithelial cells migrating from the basal layer to the upper layers undergo drastic changes, which involve membrane-associated proteins, DNA synthesis, phenotypic aspects, lipid composition, and cytoskeletal components. Cytoskeletal components include a large and heterogeneous group, including intermediate filaments, components of the cornified envelope, and of the stratum corneum.

Nestin expression in normal adrenal gland and adrenocortical tumors.

Human adrenocortical cells have been shown to express cytokeratins and vimentin. Nestin is an intermediate filament protein that is mainly expressed in the developing nervous system and that has been recently reported in rat adrenal gland as well. Using immunohistochemical and biochemical approaches, the present study demonstrates that nestin is constantly expressed in situ in the cortex of normal human adrenal glands.

Immunological and ultrastructural characterization of plasma cells of human periapical chronic inflammatory lesions (granulomas).

Despite many studies on the topic, plasma cells found in human periapical chronic inflammatory lesions (granulomas) continue to present unresolved issues. In this study, we tried to assess quantitatively and qualitatively the nature of plasma cells of 4 human periapical granulomas. Samples were analyzed for relative amounts of IgG-, IgM-, IgA-, and IgE-positive plasma cells by immunohistochemistry, and for morphological changes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Etiopathogenesis, prevention and therapeutic strategies of snoring pathologies.

The sleep of adults and childrens is often disturbed from obstructive respiratory desorders evidenced from snoring. Scientific literature agrees in considering that as a dangerous pathology called roncopathy. Statistics show that about 50% of adult population over 50 yrs snores (exspecially males) and some of that has a dangerous period of prolonged and frequent obstructive sleep apneas.

Rabbit tonsil-associated M-cells express cytokeratin 20 and take up particulate antigen.

M-cells are believed to play a pivotal role in initiation of the immune response. These cells, located in the epithelia that overlie mucosal lymphoid follicles, are responsible for the active uptake of particulate antigens and for their translocation to the underlying lymphoid tissue. The identification of reliable markers for M-cells is therefore extremely important for the study of the initial steps that lead to the immune response.

Comparison of differentiation markers between normal and two squamous cell carcinoma cell lines in culture.

This study examines differences between cultures of normal human oral epithelial cells and two squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (SCC15 and SCC25) in the expression of structural proteins, adhesion molecules, plasma membrane lipid composition, and intercellular junctions. Based on immunocytochemistry, most normal cell cultures appeared to express more E-cadherin, integrin beta-1, cytokeratin (CK) 14, CK19, and involucrin than SCC cultures. By Western blot analysis, normal cultures expressing high levels of E-cadherin also expressed high levels of involucrin and low levels of CK19.