Incremental value of three-dimensional over two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in the assessment of cor triatriatum sinister in a child.

A 2.5-year-old boy presented with frequent hospitalizations due to recurrent respiratory tract infections with dyspnea. A fibromuscular membrane dividing the left atrium with obstruction of left atrial inflow to the left ventricle was documented by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DTTE).

The prevalence and clinical impact of pulmonary artery sling on school-aged children: a large-scale screening study.

Background: Airway obstruction is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with pulmonary artery sling (PAS). Early identification of PAS is imperative for prompt initiation of appropriate treatments.

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and clinical impact of PAS on school-aged children through a large-scale pre-sports participation cardiovascular screening (PPCVS) study.

Real time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography for guiding Amplatzer septal occluder device deployment in patients with atrial septal defect.

Background: Transcatheter Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) device closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs) has traditionally been guided by two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D-TEE) and intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) modalities. Real time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (RT3D-TTE) provides rotating images to define ASD and adjacent structures with potential as an alternative to 2D-TEE or ICE for guiding the device closure of ASD. Our aim was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of RT3D-TTE in parasternal four-chamber views to guide ASO device closure of ASD.

Real time three-dimensional echocardiography in assessing ventricular septal defects: an echocardiographic-surgical correlative study.

Background: Two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) enhanced by combining with color Doppler technology has significant limitations in providing precise quantitative information, geometric assumptions to calculate chamber volume, mass, and ejection fraction. Reconstructed three-dimensional echocardiographic (3DE) systems (from multiple cross-sectional echocardiographic scans) are still cumbersome and time-consuming. Real time 3DE (RT-3DE) with shorter imaging time than with 3D reconstruction techniques can obtain qualitative and quantitative information on heart disorders.