Crizotinib: aseptic abscesses in multiple organs during treatment of EML4-ALK-positive NSCLC.

Purpose: We report a novel side effect of Crizotinib, an oral ALK inhibitor used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating rearrangement of EML4-ALK. It expands the known spectrum of complications of Crizotinib.

Methods: Clinical case report.

Multi-scale analysis of segmental outflow patterns in human trabecular meshwork with changing intraocular pressure.

Purpose: Aqueous humor filtration in the trabecular meshwork is believed to be non-uniform or "segmental" such that only a fraction of trabecular meshwork is filtration-active at any given instant. The goal was to quantify the filtration-active fraction of human trabecular meshwork and to determine how filtration patterns change with outflow facility and intraocular pressure (IOP).

Methods: Six pair of enucleated human eyes were perfused with fluorescent tracer microspheres (0.

Morphometric analysis of aqueous humor outflow structures with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To describe morphometric details of the human aqueous humor (AH) outflow microvasculature visualized with 360-degree virtual castings during active AH outflow in cadaver eyes and to compare these structures with corrosion casting studies.

Methods: The conventional AH outflow pathways of donor eyes (n = 7) and eyes in vivo (n = 3) were imaged with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and wide-bandwidth superluminescent diode array during active AH outflow. Digital image contrast was adjusted to isolate AH microvasculature, and images were viewed in a 3D viewer.

Plasma and urine disposition and dose proportionality of ceftiofur and metabolites in dogs after subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur sodium.

Nine male dogs (10.3-13.5 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to three groups of three dogs each and administered ceftiofur sodium subcutaneously as a single dose of 0.

Abdominal manifestations of sarcoidosis in CT studies.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the spectrum of abdominal CT findings in patients with tissue proved sarcoidosis, estimate their prevalence, and correlate abdominal findings with stage of thoracic disease.

Materials And Methods: Between 1987 and 1993, 140 patients with tissue proved sarcoidosis underwent abdominal or chest CT at our institution. After exclusions, 49 patients remained.

Transcatheter atrial septal defect occlusion devices: normal radiographic appearances and complications.

Three transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) occlusion devices have been used in clinical trials during the past decade: the Rashkind ASD occluder, the Lock Clamshell occluder, and the buttoned double-disk device. The normal radiographic appearance of these three devices and radiographic findings in complications are presented. Of 12 transcatheter ASD occlusions performed, the buttoned double-disk device was used in eight patients, the Rashkind ASD occluder in three, and the Lock Clamshell occluder in one.

Treatment of respiratory infections in horses with ceftiofur sodium.

Ceftiofur sodium was evaluated as a therapy for respiratory infections in horses. This cephalosporin antimicrobial was administered intramuscularly every 24 h and at a dose of 2.2 mg/kg (1.

The peroxisome and the eye.

Several childhood multisystem disorders with prominent ophthalmological manifestations have been ascribed to the malfunction of the peroxisome, a subcellular organelle. The peroxisomal disorders have been divided into three groups: 1) those that result from defective biogenesis of the peroxisome (Zellweger syndrome, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy, and infantile Refsum's disease); 2) those that result from multiple enzyme deficiencies (rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata); and 3) those that result from a single enzyme deficiency (X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, primary hyperoxaluria type 1). Zellweger syndrome, the most lethal of the three peroxisomal biogenesis disorders, causes infantile hypotonia, seizures, and death within the first year.

Cytotoxicity of tetraplatin and cisplatin for human and rodent cell lines cultured as monolayers and multicellular spheroids.

The cytotoxicity of tetraplatin (dl-trans), its d- and l-isomers, and cisplatin for four human tumor cell lines (myeloma 8226, ovarian 2008, A2780, and OVCAR-3), their cisplatin-resistant variants, and three rodent cell lines (V79, EMT6/Ro, and L1210) were compared. Tetraplatin was more, or equally as, potent as cisplatin for the human cell lines and for L1210 but was clearly less potent for V79 and EMT6/Ro. The d-trans tetraplatin was more potent than the l-trans.

Anti-coccidial activity of 2-picoline, 6-amino-4-nitro-, 1-oxide.

An investigational drug (2-picoline, 6-amino-4-nitro-, 1-oxide) was evaluated to characterize the anti-coccidial spectrum of the compound. Two concentrations of the drug (125 and 250 ppm) were evaluated for bioactivity; weight gain, survival, dropping, and lesion scores were the response variables utilized to ascertain activity. The activities of the picoline derivative were compared with monensin, maduramicin, and a narasin/nicarbazin (1:1) combination.

Motility response of levamisole/benzimidazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus larvae.

Electronic measurements of the motility of third stage larvae of a susceptible and a levamisole/benzimidazole-resistant strain of Haemonchus contortus were made after incubation in solutions of anthelmintics for 24 h. Results confirmed the resistance to benzimidazoles, but failed to show differences in response to levamisole. Visual observations of paralysis of first and third stage larvae in solutions of levamisole also failed to show significant differences between the two strains.

Anti-coccidial activity of human milk.

Sporozoites of Eimeria tenella, an important pathogen of poultry, were killed in vitro in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by exposure to diluted concentrations of normal human milk. Sodium cholate (bile salt stimulator) potentiated the anti-coccidial activity. The anti-coccidial activity was not found in the milk of lower mammals (cow, sheep, goat, dog).

Effects of bile salt-stimulated lipase-treated triglycerides and free fatty acids on extracellular stages of Eimeria tenella.

Normal human milk (NHM) has antiprotozoal activity unrelated to immunological components; this activity extends to sporozoites of Eimeria tenella. This activity may be due to free fatty acids (FFA) enzymatically hydrolyzed from triacyl glycerols by a bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL) found in NHM. Sporozoites were therefore incubated in the presence of several saturated and unsaturated FFA.

In vitro response of Haemonchus contortus larvae harvested during different times of the patent period to anthelmintics.

Three commercially available ruminant anthelmintics and an investigational drug were evaluated for effects on the motor function/motility of third stage (ensheathed) Haemonchus contortus. Helminth ova were collected at one, five, nine and 13 weeks during the patent period, cultured to the third larval stage and assayed for sensitivity to four different drugs. All four drugs (100 and 10 micrograms ml-1) significantly affected the motility of third stage H contortus larvae cultured from eggs passed at each of the times examined.

Development of a novel in vitro equine anthelmintic assay.

An in vitro assay involving the use of a horse strongyle (Strongylus edentatus) and the micromotility meter has been developed to test for equine anthelmintic activity. Three commercially available equine anthelmintics (dichlorvos, ivermectin, and pyrantel pamoate) and an investigational drug (p-toluoyl chloride phenylhydrazone) were evaluated in this assay at four concentrations. After a 24-h incubation, greater than or equal to 10 micrograms/ml of all four drug treatments significantly (P less than or equal to 0.

Anticoccidial evaluation of halofuginone, lasalocid, maduramicin, monensin and salinomycin.

The activities of five anticoccidials were compared against Eimeria species in/of chickens, in controlled in vivo and in vitro laboratory studies. Two more recent and potent market entries (maduramicin and halofuginone) were compared with three older polyether antibiotic anticoccidials (monensin, lasalocid and salinomycin). Halofuginone, lasalocid, maduramicin, monensin and salinomycin were evaluated at 3, 125, 5, 120 and 66 ppm, respectively, of active drug in the diets.

Effects of PGE1 or PGE2 and/or acetazolamide on expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis from rats.

PGE1 and PGE2 have been reported to enhance natural expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, a nematode parasite, from the intestine of the rat. Mucus production may also be a key element of worm rejection. Our study attempts to determine if 1) PGE1 or PGE2 alter the normal course of infection with N.

Detecting in vitro anthelmintic effects with a micromotility meter.

An in vitro target parasite anthelmintic assay utilizing a micromotility meter has been developed and validated. Haemonchus contortus, an economically important ruminant helminth with worldwide distribution, was the parasite used in the model. Four commercially available ruminant anthelmintics (albendazole, ivermectin, levamisole hydrochloride and coumaphos) were initially evaluated at concentrations of 200, 150, 100 and 50 micrograms ml-1.

Anticoccidial activity of alborixin.

Alborixin, a polyether antibiotic with ionophore properties, was evaluated to determine the effect of the drug on weight gain of chickens and to define the anticoccidial spectrum of activity. The 50-ppm concentration in the diet was identified as the maximum level that did not significantly reduce weight gain beyond that of monensin (standard drug); consequently, the drug was evaluated for anticoccidial activity at this dilution. At the 50-ppm level, alborixin demonstrated broad-spectrum anticoccidial activity; however, the drug lacked Eimeria necatrix efficacy.

Precluding coccidiosis with an anti-coprophagia drug.

Floor-pen studies were conducted to ascertain whether coccidiosis could be prevented by using a drug added to the litter to preclude coprophagia and ingestion of infective oocysts. An experimental drug (1-pyrrolidinebutyramide, 2-methyl-alpha,alpha-diphenyl) was added to litter contaminated with sporulated Eimeria tenella oocysts. Thereafter 7-day-old broiler chicks were reared on the litter for a nine-day period.

Amitraz: a tick and flea repellent and tick detachment drug.

A topical formulation of amitraz (Mitaban Liquid Concentrate, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan, U.S.A.

Evaluation of a topical treatment, alone and in combination with a detergent, for generalized demodicosis.

Thirty dogs (20 treated, 10 controls) with naturally-acquired generalized demodicosis were utilized to evaluate the bio-activity and safety of a liquid concentrate formulation of amitraz, with or without the addition of a nonionic detergent. The detergent was added to the treatment mixture to enhance wetting and thereby reduce the number of treatments required to return diseased animals to a normal state. Three--six miticide treatments were topically applied to dogs at 14-day intervals, at a concentration of 250 parts per million active drug.

Clinical evaluation of amitraz as a treatment for canine demodicosis.

A liquid concentrate formulation of amitraz was clinically evaluated in 1721 canines showing demodicosis, by 25 veterinary investigators. The therapy was applied topically at 14-day intervals, and at a concentration of 250 ppm active drug in water. The miticide was efficacious and safe; approximately 99% of the canines showing localized or generalized demodicosis became clinically normal, and the side-effects recorded were minimal and transient.

Clinical evaluation of amitraz for treatment of canine scabies.

A liquid concentrate formulation of amitraz (Mitaban: Upjohn) was used to topically treat 181 dogs with scabies, at an active drug level of 250 ppm, or 10.6 ml of concentrate in 2 gal water. After the dogs were clipped and bathed, the diluted medication was applied and allowed to dry on the animal.