Effects of tranexamic acid on human nasal ciliary beat frequency.

Background: Patients with recurrent epistaxis, particularly due to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) are recommended to apply topical tranexamic acid (TXA) to reduce bleeding events. Those patients may suffer ciliary dysfunction due to TXA's effects on ciliary beating frequency (CBF) and their consequences.

Methodology/principal: Human nasal epithelial cells were harvested with a nasal brush in 30 healthy subjects.

Transoral laser microsurgery for glottic cancer in the elderly: Efficacy and safety.

Background: Data about the results of transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) in elderly patients are limited.

Methods: A retrospective study of 72 consecutive cases of glottic carcinoma (63 pT1 and 9 pT2 cases) in elderly patients (≥70 years old, mean 76 years) treated with TLM was made. A systematic review of the literature was performed.

Themistocles Gluck: biographic remarks emphasising his contributions to laryngectomy.

Themistocles Gluck was one of the most imaginative representatives of early modern surgery. During his life he developed landmark innovations in many different areas of surgery. His ideas were often far ahead of his time, a circumstance, which exposed him to severe criticism by his peers.

The history of horizontal glottectomy.

The history of horizontal glottectomy (HG) for the treatment of bilateral vocal cord lesions is not entirely clear. The present investigation analyzes the history of HG on the basis of cross-referenced database searches in general and professional medical literature databases. Books, original historical articles and medical history reviews were evaluated.

[Screening for systemic manifestations of vascular malformations in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler disease)].

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler- Weber syndrome) is a disease characterized by systemic vascular malformations. Typical clinical manifestations are recurrent epistaxis and telangiectases of the skin and the mucous membranes. The syndrome is furthermore characterized by its hereditary aspect.

[A dangerous nasal foreign body: the button battery].

The effects of an incorporated button battery as a nasal foreign body with regard to the endonasal structures are serious. The following case report will illustrate this on the case of a 4?-year old boy. The acute treatment consisted of the removal of the battery and the debridement of the necroses.

[Current aspects in epistaxis].

A survey of current literature on the topic of epistaxis revealed only a circumscript number of publications with a high methodologic value. The analysis of these publications showed that there is a controversy on the necessity of routine coagulation tests in epistaxis patients. These tests should only be performed in cases with clinical evidence of a coagulation disorder.

Cancer of the oro- and hypopharynx - when to expect recurrences?

Conclusion: Relapse-free survival (RFS) of patients suffering from cancers located in the oro- and hypopharynx (COH) is strongly related to the localization and initial tumor stage; 25% of relapses remain undetected by the patients themselves. To detect relapse at an early stage oncologic follow-up should be performed at close intervals during the first 3 years. For confirmation imaging procedures should be indicated generously as well as control endoscopy under general anesthesia.

Pathogenesis of lymphangiomas.

Based on various hypotheses concerning lymphangiogenesis published in the literature, different putative mechanisms of lymphangioma development are discussed including failure of the lymphatic system to connect with or separate from the venous system, abnormal budding of the lymphatic system from the cardinal vein, or acquired processes such as traumata, infections, chronic inflammations, and obstructions. Increasingly, the possible influence of lymphangiogenic growth factors on the development of lymphangiomas is discussed. The proved expression of different growth factors in the endothelium of lymphangiomas leads to new hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of lymphangiomas.

End-of-life care for terminal head and neck cancer patients.

The objective of this study was to describe end-stage disease in patients suffering from advanced head and neck cancer (hnc). It is one of the most unpleasant and agonizing way a person may die and is a challenging problem for all involved with its treatment. Until today, only few detailed information about the final phase of life of hnc patients in a hospice setting are available.

Analysis of cytokine levels in human lymphangiomas.

Background: Different theories concerning the origin of lymphangiomas have been formulated but their precise pathogenesis is still unknown. This study aimed to analyze the levels of different cytokines in lymphangioma cyst fluids.

Materials And Methods: Fluid aspirates from lymphangioma cysts of five patients were obtained.

Incidence of sinunasal disease in laryngectomized patients.

Objectives: Patients having a total laryngectomy for cancer of the larynx or the hypopharynx are faced with tremendous physical and emotional challenges. Nasal airflow, which transports potentially pathogenic substances into the nose, is almost completely interrupted after laryngectomy. Postlaryngectomy patients are estimated to suffer less frequently from sinunasal diseases.

History of voice rehabilitation following laryngectomy.

Introduction: The history of voice rehabilitation following laryngectomy is as long as the history of laryngectomy itself. The multitude of methods which have been employed to reduce the disability associated with the loss of the larynx, illustrate the difficulty of finding an optimal method of reestablishing verbal communication while preserving the ability to breathe and swallow.

Material And Methods: The world literature was reviewed using various Internet and medical search engines and library facilities.

Nasal manifestations of self-destructive behaviour.

Self-destructive behaviour is prevalent in a variety of different psychiatric disorders. Most common manifestations are self-inflicted cuts to the skin, especially the skin of the forearms. Manifestations of self-destructive behaviour involving the nasal area are rather rare.

An outline of the history of head and neck oncology.

This review analyzes the development of head and neck oncology as outlined in medical history articles. A systematic literature survey was conducted with the search engines "Google Scholar" and "PubMed" and the retrieved publications were cross-referenced. In addition, books and, when possible, original sources were consulted.

[Chronic aspiration secondary to a Staffieri fistula: successful therapy with Provox voice prosthesis].

Background: The Staffieri technique is a method for surgical rehabilitation of the voice after laryngectomy. A fistula between trachea and esophagus is created to achieve a so-called "Neoglottis phonatoria". The assignment of the neoglottis is to protect the airways during ingestion and to give the patient a chance to phonate during expiration.

European surgeons were the first to perform neck dissection.

The history of the surgical treatment of cervical lymph node metastases began in the 19th century, and, unfortunately, the initial attempts at surgical treatment of neck metastases were disastrous. Although some European surgeons reported few cases of radical en bloc dissection, the first successful surgical procedure was performed and described in detail by Franciszek Jawdyński, a Polish surgeon, in 1888. George Washington Crile popularized and illustrated radical en bloc neck dissection in the early 20th century.

Effect of a balanced anaesthetic technique using desflurane and remifentanil on surgical conditions during microscopic and endoscopic sinus surgery.

Objectives: Controlled hypotension is used to improve surgical conditions during microscopic and endoscopic sinus surgery. Several drug combinations are suitable to provide deep and predictable level of anaesthesia combined with an exact control of intraoperative blood pressure. However, only little is known about the relative importance of the level of hypnosis on the one hand and analgesia on the other hand.