Surgical Treatment of Peripheral Vascular Malformations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Surgical treatment of peripheral vascular malformations is widely performed as primary and secondary treatments. Excellent results have been reported; however, it is thought that complications are likely to occur because of damage to adjacent structures. This systematic review aimed to elucidate the indications and outcomes of surgical treatment of vascular malformations.

Electrosclerotherapy as a Novel Treatment Option for Hypertrophic Capillary Malformations: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.

Background: Bleomycin sclerotherapy is ineffective for treating capillary malformations (CMs) because bleomycin cannot adequately be injected into the small-diameter capillary lumina. Electrosclerotherapy (EST) might be a new treatment modality for CMs, as it combines bleomycin sclerotherapy and "electroporation"-an electric field applied to the tissue. Electroporation disrupts the transmembrane potential, facilitating bleomycin transportation across the vessel wall, hypothetically leading to targeted drug delivery and increased effectiveness of bleomycin in CMs.

Oral sildenafil as a treatment option for lymphatic malformations in PIK3CA-related tissue overgrowth syndromes.

Patients with extensive lymphatic malformations associated with tissue overgrowth syndromes (such as Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome and CLOVES) often pose a therapeutic challenge for physicians. In recent years, it has been suggested that oral sildenafil therapy might be used to treat congenital lymphatic malformations. However, this possible new therapy has not yet been used in patients with lymphatic malformations associated with tissue overgrowth syndromes.

Pathological findings in gynecomastia: analysis of 5113 breasts.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the histopathology results of surgically excised breast specimens with the diagnosis of gynecomastia (GM).

Summary Background Data: Gynecomastia is a term used to describe benign hypertrophy of the breast in men; it is a common, mostly transient, phenomenon in adolescents, but may also be seen in older men. Breast enlargement can lead to psychological problems; if it persists it can be surgically corrected.