Leveraging User-Friendly Mobile Medical Devices to Facilitate Early Hospital Discharges in a Pediatric Setting: A Randomized Trial Study Protocol.

Background: Mobile technology is increasingly prevalent in healthcare, serving various purposes, including remote health monitoring and patient self-management, which could prove beneficial to early hospital discharges.

Aims: This study investigates the transitional care program experience facilitating early discharges in a pediatric setting through the use of an easy-to-use mobile medical device (TytoCare™, TytoCare Ltd., Natanya, Israel).

Neglected Populations Not to Be Forgotten: Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance in Neonatal Infections.

Making further progress in reducing child mortality hinges on lowering the annual count of neonatal deaths; currently, this stands at 2 [...

The Management of Neonates ≥34 Weeks' Gestation at Risk of Early Onset Sepsis: A Pilot Study.

Unlabelled: Early onset sepsis (EOS) is a potentially fatal condition in neonates, and its correct management is still challenging for neonatologists. Early antibiotic administration in the neonatal period may carry short- and long-term risks. Neonatal EOS calculator has been recently introduced as a new strategy to manage infants at risk of sepsis, and has shown promising results.

Quality indicators for appropriate antibiotic prescribing in urinary tract infections in children.

Background: The aim of this study was to define a set of urinary tract infections (UTIs)-specific quality indicators for appropriate prescribing in children and evaluate clinical practices in a district general hospital in Greece.

Methods: The UTIs-specific quality indicators were informed by a review of the existing literature. Quality indicators were selected to describe the overall antibiotics use, prescribing patterns and UTIs clinical management regarding treatment and prophylaxis in a cohort of children admitted with a UTI.

Effects of Perinatal Antibiotic Exposure and Neonatal Gut Microbiota.

Antibiotic therapy is one of the most important strategies to treat bacterial infections. The overuse of antibiotics, especially in the perinatal period, is associated with long-lasting negative consequences such as the spread of antibiotic resistance and alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiota, both of which negatively affect human health. In this review, we summarize recent evidence about the influence of antibiotic treatment on the neonatal gut microbiota and the subsequent negative effects on the health of the infant.

The Role of Virulence Factors in Neonatal Sepsis Caused by Enterobacterales: A Systematic Review.

Neonatal sepsis is a life-threatening condition with high mortality. Virulence determinants relevant in causing Gram-negative (GN) neonatal sepsis are still poorly characterized. A better understanding of virulence factors (VFs) associated with GN neonatal sepsis could offer new targets for therapeutic interventions.

Antibiotic Susceptibility, Virulome, and Clinical Outcomes in European Infants with Bloodstream Infections Caused by Enterobacterales.

Mortality in neonates with Gram-negative bloodstream infections has remained unacceptably high. Very few data are available on the impact of resistance profiles, virulence factors, appropriateness of empirical treatment and clinical characteristics on patients' mortality. A survival analysis to investigate 28-day mortality probability and predictors was performed including (I) infants <90 days (II) with an available Enterobacterales blood isolate with (III) clinical, treatment and 28-day outcome data.

Treatment and Outcomes of Children With Febrile Urinary Tract Infection Due to Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing Bacteria in Europe: TOO CUTE Study.

Background: The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Εnterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) is increasing globally. ESBL-PE are an important cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. We aimed to characterize the clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes of childhood UTI caused by ESBL-PE in Europe.

Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Severe COVID-19 Children.

There are growing evidence of clinical manifestations other than acute respiratory syndrome in severe acute respiratory syndrome associated with coronavirus 2-infected children. In our multicenter retrospective analysis, we observed among 127 severe acute respiratory syndrome associated with coronavirus 2 positive children that the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms was more frequently associated with severe and critical phenotype (P = 0.029).

Interventions to reduce occupational stress and burn out within neonatal intensive care units: a systematic review.

Occupational stress is an emerging problem among physician and nurses, and those working in intensive care settings are particularly exposed to the risk of developing burnout. To verify what types of interventions to manage occupational stress and burn out within neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) have been introduced so far and to verify their efficacy among caregivers. PsycINFO (PsycINFO 1967-July week 3 2019), Embase (Embase 1996-2019 week 29) e Medline (Ovid MEDLINE(R) without revisions 1996-July week 2 2019) were systematically searched combining MeSH and free text terms for "burn out" AND "healthcare provider" AND "NICU".

Rotavirus vaccines in clinical development: Current pipeline and state-of-the-art.

Rotavirus (RV) disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, especially in children under 5 years of age. The introduction of the two oral rotavirus vaccines Rotarix and RotaTeq has shown significant reductions in RV-related mortality, severe RV disease, and hospitalizations. However, some barriers, including a reduced efficacy in low-income countries, safety issues regarding the intussusception risk, age restrictions on vaccine use, the live-attenuated nature itself, and the substantial vaccine costs, currently restrict the full potential of RV disease prevention.

Standardising neonatal and paediatric antibiotic clinical trial design and conduct: the PENTA-ID network view.

Antimicrobial development for children remains challenging due to multiple barriers to conducting randomised clinical trials (CTs). There is currently considerable heterogeneity in the design and conduct of paediatric antibiotic studies, hampering comparison and meta-analytic approaches. The board of the European networks for paediatric research at the European Medicines Agency (EMA), in collaboration with the Paediatric European Network for Treatments of AIDS-Infectious Diseases network (www.

Strategic Trials to Define the Best Available Treatment for Neonatal and Pediatric Sepsis Caused by Carbapenem-resistant Organisms.

The optimal standard of care for carbapenem-resistant bloodstream infections in children is currently unknown. This systematic review, aiming to define the best available treatments to be compared with new antibiotics in clinical trials, clearly points out the paucity of available data. The simplification and a wider harmonization of study design are a global priority to inform the best strategies to treat these life-threatening infections in children.

Antibiotic treatment and antimicrobial resistance in children with urinary tract infections.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe antibiotic prescribing patterns and antimicrobial resistance rates in hospitalised children with febrile and afebrile urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Methods: Antibiotic prescriptions and antibiograms for neonates, infants and older children with UTI admitted to a general district hospital in Central Greece were evaluated. Data covering a 5-year period were collected retrospectively from the Paediatric Department's Electronic Clinical Archive.

Future Challenges in Pediatric and Neonatal Sepsis: Emerging Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance.

The incidence of severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens is currently rising worldwide, and increasing numbers of neonates and children with serious bloodstream infections due to resistant bacteria are being reported. Severe sepsis and septic shock due to gram-negative bacteria represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and contribute to high health care costs. Antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae represents a major problem in both health care-associated and community-acquired infections, with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) now presenting the main threat.

Antibiotics and Cure Rates in Childhood Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Purpose: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections among children.

Objective: To systematically review the antimicrobials used for febrile UTIs in paediatric clinical trials and meta-analyse the observed cure rates and reasons for treatment failure.

Materials And Methods: We searched Medline, Embase and Cochrane central databases between January 1, 1990, and November 24, 2016, combining MeSH and free-text terms for: "urinary tract infections", AND "therapeutics", AND "clinical trials" in children (age range 0-18 years).

Evaluating Safety Reporting in Paediatric Antibiotic Trials, 2000-2016: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: There are very few options to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in children. A major barrier is the duration and complexity of regulatory trials of new antibiotics. Extrapolation of safety data from adult trials could facilitate drug development for children.

Urinary Tract Infection Antibiotic Trial Study Design: A Systematic Review.

Context: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent common bacterial infections in children. No guidance on the conduct of pediatric febrile UTI clinical trials (CTs) exist.

Objective: To assess the criteria used for patient selection and the efficacy end points in febrile pediatric UTI CTs.

Global shortage of neonatal and paediatric antibiotic trials: rapid review.

Objectives: There have been few clinical trials (CTs) on antibiotics that inform neonatal and paediatric drug labelling. The rate of unlicensed and off-label prescribing in paediatrics remains high. It is unclear whether the current neonatal and paediatric antibiotic research pipeline is adequate to inform optimal drug dosing.

The relationship between Gram-negative colonization and bloodstream infections in neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) are at significant risk of developing bloodstream infections (BSIs). Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) both colonize and infect, but the association between these entities is unclear. By conducting a systematic literature review, we aimed to explore the impact of factors on the association between GN colonization and GN-BSI at both baby-level and unit-level.