Inhibition of neuroinflammation and neuronal damage by the selective non-steroidal ERβ agonist AC-186.

Background: AC-186 (4-[4-4-Difluoro-1-(2-fluorophenyl) cyclohexyl] phenol) is a neuroprotective non-steroidal selective oestrogen receptor modulator. This study investigated whether inhibition of neuroinflammation contributed to neuroprotective activity of this compound.

Methods: BV-2 microglia were treated with AC-186 (0.

Nimbolide Targets Multiple Signalling Pathways to Reduce Neuroinflammation in BV-2 Microglia.

Nimbolide, a limonoid compound found in the neem plant, was investigated for effects on neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cultured BV-2 cells were treated with nimbolide (125, 250 and 500 nM) followed by stimulation with LPS (100 ng/ml). Results showed that nimbolide caused a significant reduction in the levels of TNFα, IL-6, IFNγ, NO/iNOS and PGE/COX-2 in LPS-activated BV-2 cells.

Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides inhibits lipopolysaccharide- and synthetic hemozoin-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia: roles of NF-κB transcription factor and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Objectives: The effects of a root extract of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides on neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia stimulated with LPS and hemozoin were investigated.

Methods: ELISA, enzyme immunoassay and Griess assay were used to evaluate levels of cytokines, PGE2 and NO in culture supernatants, respectively. Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity was evaluated using a BV-2 microglia-HT-22 neuron transwell co-culture.

Involvement of GABAergic and nitrergic systems in the anxiolytic and hypnotic effects of : its interaction with anxiolytic-hypnotics.

Objectives: Concurrent use of herbs with drugs have become a major healthcare problem. Herb-drug interactions could lead to therapeutic failure or toxicity. Hence, this study seeks to evaluate the impact of combining rhizome (CL) with selected anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs.

The tiliroside derivative, 3-O-[(E)-(2-oxo-4-(p-tolyl) but-3-en-1-yl] kaempferol produced inhibition of neuroinflammation and activation of AMPK and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways in BV-2 microglia.

Neuroinflammation is now widely accepted as an important pathophysiological mechanism in neurodegenerative disorders, thus providing a critical target for novel compounds. In this study, 3-O-[(E)-(2-oxo-4-(p-tolyl)but-3-en-1-yl] kaempferol (OTBK) prevented the production of pro-inflammatory mediators TNFα, IL-6, PGE and nitrite from BV-2 microglia activated with LPS and IFNγ. These effects were accompanied by reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory proteins COX-2 and iNOS.

Induction of Autophagy and Activation of SIRT-1 Deacetylation Mechanisms Mediate Neuroprotection by the Pomegranate Metabolite Urolithin A in BV2 Microglia and Differentiated 3D Human Neural Progenitor Cells.

Scope: Urolithin A is an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective gut-derived metabolite from ellagitannins and ellagic acid in pomegranate, berries, and nuts. The roles of SIRT-1 and autophagy in the neuroprotective activity of urolithin A are investigated.

Methods And Results: Analyses of culture supernatants from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia show that urolithin A (2.