Deep sedation for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: a comparison with cardiac anesthesia.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that safety, efficacy, and image quality in pediatric patients who undergo deep sedation for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) for congenital heart disease (CHD) is similar to general anesthesia (GA).

Study Design: Retrospective review of all CMR records from 1997-2006. Six hundred sixty patients underwent deep sedation (DS) and 161 underwent GA.

L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) as a pathogenetic factor in endometriosis.

Background: Endometriosis is a benign and progressive disease with a high prevalence. Women with endometriosis, especially with atypical endometriosis, have a higher probability for developing ovarian cancer compared with women without endometriosis. The L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is over expressed in ovarian and endometrial carcinomas and is associated with a bad prognosis.

Quantitative analysis of extracardiac versus intraatrial Fontan anatomic geometries.

Background: There exists large geometric variability among total cavopulmonary connections (TCPC) because of the patient-specific anatomies and the chosen surgical procedure. In this study we present quantitative comparison of the geometric characteristics of the extracardiac and intraatrial Fontan anatomies, the two commonly used TCPC procedures.

Methods: A method of centerline approximation of the three-dimensional geometries (skeletonization) was used to quantify the TCPC geometric parameters such as vessel areas, curvature, and collinearity.

Multi-center transferability of a breath-hold T2 technique for myocardial iron assessment.

Background: Cardiac iron overload is the leading cause of death in thalassemia major and is usually assessed using myocardial T2* measurements. Recently a cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) breath-hold T2 sequence has been developed as a possible alternative. This cardiac T2 technique has good interstudy reproducibility, but its transferability to different centres has not yet been investigated.

Identification, imaging, functional assessment and management of congenital coronary arterial abnormalities in children.

The coronary arteries, the vessels through which both substrate and oxygen are provided to the cardiac muscle, normally arise from paired stems, right and left, each arising from a separate and distinct sinus of the aortic valve. The right coronary artery runs through the right atrioventricular groove, terminating in the majority of instances in the inferior interventricular groove. The main stem of the left coronary artery bifurcates into the anterior descending, or interventricular, and the circumflex branches.

Controversies, genetics, diagnostic assessment, and outcomes relating to the heterotaxy syndrome.

How best to analyse and describe the features of the situation commonly known as "visceral heterotaxy" remains controversial. Much of the disagreement devolves on how to deal with the concept of isomerism. In the opinion of some, the concept of bilateral right-sidedness and bilateral left-sidedness, while useful in helping to remember which abnormalities are likely to occur in asplenia or polysplenia, should not be granted the status of a specific "situs", since there are numerous examples of exceptions to these patterns.

Anatomically realistic patient-specific surgical planning of complex congenital heart defects using MRI and CFD.

Single ventricle congenital heart defects, which are characterized by cyanotic mixing between the oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood, afflict 2 per every 1000 live births. These defects are surgically treated by connecting the superior and inferior vena cava to the pulmonary arteries. However, such a configuration (also known as the total cavopulmonary connection), results in high energy losses and therefore the optimization of this connection prior to the surgery could significantly improve post-operative performance.

The cytoplasmic part of L1-CAM controls growth and gene expression in human tumors that is reversed by therapeutic antibodies.

L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1-CAM) is a transmembrane cell adhesion molecule involved in cell migration and axon guidance in the developing nervous system. L1 is also overexpressed in ovarian and endometrial carcinomas and is associated with a bad prognosis. In carcinoma cell lines, L1 overexpression augments cell motility, tumor growth in mice and induces expression of Erk-dependent genes.

Expression of p53 in the evolution of squamous cell carcinoma: correlation with the histology of the lesion.

Background: The evolution of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on sun-exposed areas is a multistep process triggered by ultraviolet radiation (UVR), in which precursor lesions exist. However, the exact classification of the various lesions in this process, mainly solar keratosis (SK), is still disputed, and its pathogenesis requires further clarification.

Objective: To further elucidate the evolution of SCC on sun-damaged skin by correlating the levels of p53 protein expression, a parameter that reflects UVR damage to cells, and the morphology of the lesions that develop on sun-exposed areas.

Nonlinear power loss during exercise in single-ventricle patients after the Fontan: insights from computational fluid dynamics.

Background: We previously demonstrated that power loss (PL) through the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) in single-ventricle patients undergoing Fontan can be calculated by computational fluid dynamic analysis using 3-dimensional MRI anatomic reconstructions. PL through the TCPC may play a role in single-ventricle physiology and is a function of cardiac output. We hypothesized that PL through the TCPC increases significantly under exercise flow conditions.

The role of L1-CAM immunohistochemial staining in the diagnosis of abdominal-pelvic cancer of uncertain primary site in women.

Objective: The L1 adhesion molecule (L1-CAM,CD171) is over expressed in ovarian and endometrial carcinomas and other tumors derived from the Mullerian tract. Here we evaluated whether L1-CAM could serve as a novel tumor marker for the diagnosis of metastatic abdominal-pelvic cancers of uncertain origin in women.

Patients And Methods: During a 6-year period we investigated 28 patients with metastatic abdominal or pelvic cancer with uncertain primary-origin.

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a population study examining the relationship of disease development to gadolinium exposure.

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a devastating complication of severe renal failure. Recent reports suggest that exposure to gadolinium-containing contrast agents (GCCA) is associated with the occurrence of NSF. The population of patients with ESRD in and around Bridgeport, CT, was studied during an 18-mo period.

CD24 is a marker of exosomes secreted into urine and amniotic fluid.

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles that are secreted from a variety of cell types into various body fluids including the blood and urine. These vesicles are thought to play a role in cell-cell interactions. CD24 is a small but extensively glycosylated protein linked to the cell surface by means of a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor.

Introduction of a new optimized total cavopulmonary connection.

Background: Several variations of the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) have been investigated for favorable fluid mechanics and flow distribution. This study presents a hemodynamically optimized TCPC configuration code-named "OptiFlo." Featuring bifurcated vena cava (superior venacava to inferior vena cava SVC/IVC), it was designed to lower the fluid mechanical power losses in the connection and to ensure proper hepatic blood perfusion to both lungs.

Distinct centromere-like parS sites on the two chromosomes of Vibrio spp.

Vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera, has two circular chromosomes. The parAB genes on each V. cholerae chromosome act to control chromosome segregation in a replicon-specific fashion.

Right aortic arch and coarctation: a rare association.

Objectives: Understand anatomical and clinical correlatives to coarctation in right aortic arch.

Background: Coarctation of the aorta is rare in patients with a functional right aortic arch. We reviewed a single institutional experience, examining associated diagnoses, diagnostic methodology, and surgical approaches.

Delayed-enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance identifies fibrous tissue in children after surgery for congenital heart disease.

Objectives: To determine whether delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging can identify fibrous tissue associated with patch reconstructions in postoperative patients with congenital heart disease. Additionally, to determine whether fibrous structures not directly related to the surgical reconstruction exhibited delayed enhancement.

Methods: Seventy-three patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging.

Interleukin-1beta-driven inflammation promotes the development and invasiveness of chemical carcinogen-induced tumors.

The role of microenvironment interleukin 1 (IL-1) on 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA)-induced carcinogenesis was assessed in IL-1-deficient mice, i.e., IL-1beta(-/-), IL-1alpha(-/-), IL-1alpha/beta(-/-) (double knockout), and mice deficient in the naturally occurring inhibitor of IL-1, the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra).

par genes and the pathology of chromosome loss in Vibrio cholerae.

The causes and consequences of chromosome loss in bacteria with multiple chromosomes are unknown. Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera, has two circular chromosomes. Like many other bacterial chromosomes, both V.

A dynamic, mitotic-like mechanism for bacterial chromosome segregation.

The mechanisms that mediate chromosome segregation in bacteria are poorly understood. Despite evidence of dynamic movement of chromosome regions, to date, mitotic-like mechanisms that act on the bacterial chromosome have not been demonstrated. Here we provide evidence that the Vibrio cholerae ParAI and ParBI proteins are components of an apparatus that pulls the origin region of the large V.

An examination of the carbon isotope effects associated with amino acid biosynthesis.

Stable carbon isotope ratios (delta(13)C) were determined for alanine, proline, phenylalanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, aspartate (aspartic acid and asparagine), glutamate (glutamic acid and glutamine), lysine, serine, glycine, and threonine from metabolically diverse microorganisms. The microorganisms examined included fermenting bacteria, organotrophic, chemolithotrophic, phototrophic, methylotrophic, methanogenic, acetogenic, acetotrophic, and naturally occurring cryptoendolithic communities from the Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Here we demonstrated that reactions involved in amino acid biosynthesis can be used to distinguish amino acids formed by life from those formed by nonbiological processes.

Impaired power output and cardiac index with hypoplastic left heart syndrome: a magnetic resonance imaging study.

Background: Unfavorable cardiac mechanics in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) when compared with other single-ventricle defects may affect long-term morbidity and outcome. Using noninvasive phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC MRI), we examined cardiac mechanics in children with HLHS and compared the results to other single-ventricle defects.

Methods: Eighteen children with HLHS and 18 children with other single-ventricle defects were studied after the Fontan operation.