Evolution of peripheral nerve changes in early multiple sclerosis-a longitudinal MR neurography study.

Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Increasing evidence indicates additional peripheral nerve involvement in early and chronic disease stages. To investigate the evolution of peripheral nerve changes in patients first diagnosed with MS using quantitative MR neurography.

Diffusion tensor imaging in anisotropic tissues: application of reduced gradient vector schemes in peripheral nerves.

Background: In contrast to the brain, fibers within peripheral nerves have distinct monodirectional structure questioning the necessity of complex multidirectional gradient vector schemes for DTI. This proof-of-concept study investigated the diagnostic utility of reduced gradient vector schemes in peripheral nerve DTI.

Methods: Three-Tesla magnetic resonance neurography of the tibial nerve using 20-vector DTI (DTI) was performed in 10 healthy volunteers, 12 patients with type 2 diabetes, and 12 age-matched healthy controls.

Microstructural changes of peripheral nerves in early multiple sclerosis: A prospective magnetic resonance neurography study.

Background And Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). However, there is increasing evidence of peripheral nerve involvement. This study aims to characterize the pattern of peripheral nerve changes in patients with newly diagnosed MS using quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) neurography.

Quantitative MR Neurography in Multifocal Motor Neuropathy and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the phenotype of multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in quantitative MR neurography.

Methods: In this prospective study, 22 patients with ALS, 8 patients with MMN, and 10 healthy volunteers were examined with 3T MR neurography, using a high-resolution fat-saturated T2-weighted sequence, diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI), and a multi-echo T2-relaxometry sequence. The quantitative biomarkers fractional anisotropy (FA), radial and axial diffusivity (RD, AD), mean diffusivity (MD), cross-sectional area (CSA), T2-relaxation time, and proton spin density (PSD) were measured in the tibial nerve at the thigh and calf, and in the median, radial, and ulnar nerves at the mid-upper arm.

Peripheral Nerve Involvement at First Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: A Prospective MR Neurography Study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess peripheral nerve involvement in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) at first clinical presentation using quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) neurography in correlation with clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological, and central nervous MR imaging data.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective monocentric study, 30 patients first diagnosed with MS according to the McDonald criteria (19 women; mean age, 32.4 ± 8.

Quantitative MR-Neurography at 3.0T: Inter-Scanner Reproducibility.

Background: Quantitative MR-neurography (MRN) is increasingly applied, however, the impact of the MR-scanner on the derived parameters is unknown. Here, we used different 3.0T MR scanners and applied comparable MR-sequences in order to quantify the inter-scanner reproducibility of various MRN parameters of the sciatic nerve.

Imaging visuospatial memory in temporal lobe epilepsy-Results of an fMRI study.

Purpose: Impairment of cognitive functions is commonly observed in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The aim of this study was to assess visuospatial memory functions and memory-related networks using an adapted version of Roland's Hometown Walking (RHWT) functional MRI (fMRI) task in patients with TLE.

Methods: We used fMRI to study activation patterns based on a visuospatial memory paradigm in 32 TLE patients (9 right; 23 left) and also within subgroups of lesional and non-lesional TLE.

Neuroradiological differentiation of white matter lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis and Fabry disease.

Objective: White matter lesions (WML) in multiple sclerosis (MS) differ from vascular WML caused by Fabry disease (FD). However, in atypical cases the discrimination can be difficult and may vary between individual raters. The aim of this study was to evaluate interrater reliability of WML differentiation between MS and FD patients.

Diffusion MRI in Peripheral Nerves: Optimized Values and the Role of Non-Gaussian Diffusion.

Background Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) provides specific in vivo information about tissue microstructure, which is increasingly recognized for various applications outside the central nervous system. However, standard sequence parameters are commonly adopted from optimized central nervous system protocols, thus potentially neglecting differences in tissue-specific diffusional behavior. Purpose To characterize the optimal tissue-specific diffusion imaging weighting scheme over the domain in peripheral nerves under physiologic and pathologic conditions.

Reliability and reproducibility of sciatic nerve magnetization transfer imaging and T2 relaxometry.

Objectives: To assess the interreader and test-retest reliability of magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) and T2 relaxometry in sciatic nerve MR neurography (MRN).

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, 21 healthy volunteers were examined three times on separate days by a standardized MRN protocol at 3 Tesla, consisting of an MTI sequence, a multi-echo T2 relaxometry sequence, and a high-resolution T2-weighted sequence. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), T2 relaxation time, and proton spin density (PSD) of the sciatic nerve were assessed by two independent observers, and both interreader and test-retest reliability for all readout parameters were reported by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and standard error of measurement (SEM).

Language network reorganization before and after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery.

Objective: Epilepsy surgery is the recommended treatment option for patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This method offers a good chance of seizure freedom but carries a considerable risk of postoperative language impairment. The extremely variable neurocognitive profiles in surgical epilepsy patients cannot be fully explained by extent of resection, fiber integrity, or current task-based functional MRI (fMRI).

Lesion-Specific Language Network Alterations in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Background And Purpose: Temporal lobe epilepsy, structural or nonlesional, may negatively affect language function. However, little is known about the lesion-specific influence on language networks. We hypothesized that different epileptogenic lesions are related to distinct alterations in the functional language connectome detected by fMRI.

Assessing Corticospinal Tract Asymmetry in Unilateral Polymicrogyria.

Background And Purpose: Asymmetry of the corticospinal tract in congenital lesions is a good prognostic marker for preserved motor function after hemispherectomy. This study aimed to assess this marker and provide a clinically feasible approach in selected cases of unilateral polymicrogyria.

Materials And Methods: Corticospinal tract asymmetry of 9 patients with unilateral polymicrogyria substantially affecting the central region was retrospectively assessed on axial T1WI and DTI.