Anorexia nervosa-specific home treatment in children and adolescents and their families (the HoT study): a study protocol of a randomized, controlled, multicenter, open-label, parallel group superiority trial.

Background: New treatment approaches are urgently needed to improve the prognosis of children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). Recently, the feasibility of multidisciplinary home treatment that strongly involves the patients' parents/caregivers has been investigated. However, no RCT has yet been performed to test the efficacy and safety of this approach compared to standard treatment approaches, such as inpatient treatment.

Sága, a Deep Learning Spectral Analysis Tool for Fungal Detection in Grains-A Case Study to Detect Fusarium in Winter Wheat.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a plant disease caused by various species of the fungus. One of the major concerns associated with spp. is their ability to produce mycotoxins.

Risk factors affecting the food safety risk in food business operations for risk-based inspection: A systematic review.

Foodborne illnesses result in a high disease burden worldwide, making food safety control of food business operations (FBOs) an urgent issue. With public agencies and FBOs facing challenges in monitoring the complex food supply chain with limited resources, scientific and objective insights into those factors that are related to food safety at FBOs are needed. These factors can be used as input for risk-based inspection.

Framework for evaluation of food safety in the circular food system.

In order to minimise food waste, side streams from feed and food production are increasingly being (re-) used in food supply chains. Such reuse contributes to the desire to implement circularity in food and agricultural systems. However, the reuse of side products in circular food systems may impact food safety, for instance, contaminant residues present at low levels in biomass may accumulate when reusing streams.

Premorbid body weight predicts weight loss in both anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa: Further support for a single underlying disorder.

Objective: For adolescents, DSM-5 differentiates anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN with the 5th BMI-centile-for-age. We hypothesized that the diagnostic weight cut-off yields (i) lower weight loss in atypical AN and (ii) discrepant premorbid BMI distributions between the two disorders. Prior studies demonstrate that premorbid BMI predicts admission BMI and weight loss in patients with AN.

Unexpected identification of obesity-associated mutations in LEP and MC4R genes in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Mutations leading to a reduced or loss of function in genes of the leptin-melanocortin system confer a risk for monogenic forms of obesity. Yet, gain of function variants in the melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) gene predispose to a lower BMI. In individuals with reduced body weight, we thus expected mutations leading to an enhanced function in the respective genes, like leptin (LEP) and MC4R.

Factors influencing the fate of chemical food safety hazards in the terrestrial circular primary food production system-A comprehensive review.

Food safety is recognized as a major hurdle in the transition toward circular food production systems due to the potential reintroduction and accumulation of chemical contaminants in these food systems. Effectively managing these hazardous contaminants in a risk-based manner requires quantitative insights into the factors influencing the presence and fate of contaminants in the entire circular food chain. A systematic literature review was performed to gain an up-to-date overview of the known factors and their influence on the transfer and accumulation of contaminants.

Dynamic geospatial modeling of mycotoxin contamination of corn in Illinois: unveiling critical factors and predictive insights with machine learning.

Mycotoxin contamination of corn is a pervasive problem that negatively impacts human and animal health and causes economic losses to the agricultural industry worldwide. Historical aflatoxin (AFL) and fumonisin (FUM) mycotoxin contamination data of corn, daily weather data, satellite data, dynamic geospatial soil properties, and land usage parameters were modeled to identify factors significantly contributing to the outbreaks of mycotoxin contamination of corn grown in Illinois (IL), AFL >20 ppb, and FUM >5 ppm. Two methods were used: a gradient boosting machine (GBM) and a neural network (NN).

Effects of Climate Change on Areas Suitable for Maize Cultivation and Aflatoxin Contamination in Europe.

The climate is changing in Europe: average temperatures are increasing, and so is the frequency of extreme weather events. Climate change has a severe impact on areas suitable for growing certain crops and on food safety, for example, affecting the occurrence of the aflatoxin contamination of maize. The aim of this study was to obtain insights into the impact of climate change on possible changes in land use in Europe, particularly in areas suitable for maize cultivation, and on the probability of the mycotoxin contamination of maize in order to give directions for long-term adaptation to climate change.

The resilience of the pork supply chain to a food safety outbreak: The case of dioxins.

Food supply chains are constantly challenged by food safety hazards entering the chain. The ability of the supply chain to provide safe food within a reasonable time after such a food safety threat or shock can be investigated with the concept of resilience using food safety as an indicator. Resilience is then defined as the food safety performance deviation due to the shock and takes both the severity of the shock as well as the time to fully recover or reach a new equilibrium into account.

Lipocalin 2 - mutation screen and serum levels in patients with anorexia nervosa or obesity and in lean individuals.

Context: The bone-derived adipokine lipocalin-2 is relevant for body weight regulation by stimulating the leptin-melanocortin pathway.

Objective: We aimed to (i) detect variants in the lipocalin-2 gene () which are relevant for body weight regulation and/or anorexia nervosa (AN); (ii) describe and characterize the impact of and variants on circulating lipocalin-2 level.

Methods: Sanger sequencing of the coding region of in 284 children and adolescents with severe obesity or 287 patients with anorexia nervosa.

[Parents Health Care Experiences of a Child or Adolescent with Gender Incongruence and Gender Dysphoria: A Qualitative Study].

In general, little is known about the experiences of parents of a transgender child or adolescent when seeking health care services. In addition, there is little research on how parents interact with their child in the health care system. International studies show high vulnerability and psychological distress among those children and adolescents who assign themselves to a gender other than the one assigned at birth.

[Trans* Youth and Young Adults in Healthcare: A Qualitative Study About Experiences, Challenges, andWishes].

The number of adolescents who present themselves to the healthcare system due to the aspect of trans* is rising internationally as well as nationally. Studies, especially from the international area, point next to appropriate treatment situations increasingly to aversively experienced situations.These are characterized by lack of knowledge of the professionals, incorrect naming and pronoun naming as well as inappropriate questions and comments.

Healthcare Professionals' Conflicts When Treating Transgender Youth: Is It Necessary to Prioritize Protection Over Respect?

Increasingly, transgender minors are seeking medical care such as puberty-suppressing or gender-affirming hormone therapies. Yet, whether these interventions should be performed at all is highly controversial. Some healthcare practitioners oppose irreversible interventions, considering it their duty to protect children from harm.

Age at menarche relates to depression in adolescent girls: Comparing a clinical sample to the general pediatric population.

Context: The timing of puberty, physical features of pubertal development, and hormones are closely intertwined but may also individually contribute to the risk for depression and depression severity. Additionally, their effects on mood may depend on depression severity, but previously this has only been studied in mostly subclinical depression.

Methods: In 184 girls from a single psychiatric hospital with significant depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II score > 13), the relationship between depression severity and age at menarche (AAM), pubertal status, and gonadal/adrenal hormones (estradiol, progesterone, DHEA-S, androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone) was investigated.

Review of food safety hazards in circular food systems in Europe.

European food production systems have become very efficient in terms of high yield, quality and safety. However, these production systems are not sustainable since, amongst other reasons, a significant proportion of the production is wasted or lost in the supply chain. One of the strategies of the European Union is to achieve climate neutrality by moving towards a circular economy with better waste management.

[Dialectical BehaviouralTherapy for Adolescent Patients with Anorexia Nervosa].

Dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT) has become the gold standard in the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder. This therapy includes the combination of stance and techniques, which are characterized by the dialectic of acceptance and change. In the meantime, this method has also been successfully applied to other psychiatric disorders.