Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: What Is Its True Role at Present, and Where Is the Evidence?

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology has brought about substantial advancements and transformative potential in diagnostic imaging practices. This study presents an overview of the current research on the application of AI in radiology, highlighting key insights from recent studies and surveys. These recent studies have explored the expected impact of AI, encompassing machine learning and deep learning, on the work volume of diagnostic radiologists.

Evaluating the atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease risk score in patients with brain metastases: Associations with overall survival and high-value care outcomes.

Objective: Brain metastases (BM) constitute the most common intracranial tumor in adults. Prior literature indicates the 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score is associated with increased risk of cancer, potentially attributable to shared risk factors. Understanding the role of ASCVD risk scores in BM may help optimize their care and inform clinical decision-making.

Promoting durable well-being among healthcare professionals via an interactive, online, wellness initiative.

Burnout is recognized as a negative contributor to well-being within healthcare. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether participation in the Peace Education Program (PEP), a 10-week wellness course, promoted durable improvement of burnout and wellness in a large academic medical center. We deployed PEP virtually through a series of free, interactive, online wellness sessions focusing on 10 domains: peace, appreciation, inner strength, self-awareness, clarity, understanding, dignity, choice, hope, and contentment.

Hospital frailty risk score predicts high-value care outcomes following brain metastasis resection.

Objective: Brain metastases (BM) are the most common adult intracranial tumors, representing a significant source of morbidity in patients with systemic malignancy. Frailty indices, including 11- and 5-factor modified frailty indices (mFI-11 and mFI-5), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), have recently demonstrated an important role in predicting high-value care outcomes in neurosurgery. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of the newly developed Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) on postoperative outcomes in BM patients.

Clinical Predictors of Overall Survival in Very Elderly Patients With Glioblastoma: A National Cancer Database Multivariable Analysis.

Background And Objectives: Surgery for the very elderly is a progressively important paradigm as life expectancy continues to rise. Patients with glioblastoma multiforme often undergo surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy (CT) to prolong overall survival (OS). However, the efficacy of these treatment modalities in patients aged 80 years and older has yet to be fully assessed in the literature.

Fractionated radiotherapy after gross-total resection of spinal chordoma: a systematic review of survival outcomes using individualized patient data.

Objective: Spinal chordoma treatment guidelines recommend resection. However, in patients in whom gross-total resection (GTR) is achieved, the benefits of radiation therapy (RT) are unclear. Therefore, the authors performed a systematic review to determine if RT is associated with postoperative progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) after achieving GTR of spinal chordoma.

Synthesis of 6-Chromeno[4,3-]quinolin-7-ylphosphonates through Three Component Phosphonylation of Coumarin Carbaldehyde and Their Antimicrobial and Photophysical Properties.

Organophosphorylated coumarin derivatives were synthesized by a three-component reaction of 4-chloro-3-formylcoumarin, aromatic amines, and dialkyl phosphite in the presence of ZnCl. This process includes the formation of C(sp)-P and C(sp)-N bonds in one pot. The modular scope of the reaction allowed rapid access to a variety of 6-chromeno[4,3-]quinolin-7-ylphosphonate derivatives in good yields.

Availability and utilization of molecular testing for primary central nervous system tumors among US hospitals.

Advanced molecular testing has increasingly become an integral component for accurate diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. We sought to establish the current state of molecular testing availability and approaches for the diagnosis of CNS tumors in US hospitals that conduct high volumes of CNS tumor resections. We distributed a 16-item survey inquiring about molecular testing approaches for CNS tumors to 115 neuropathologists at US hospitals with neurosurgery residency programs.

The Socioeconomic Distressed Communities Index Predicts 90-Day Mortality Among Intracranial Tumor Patients.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a major determinant of quality of life and outcomes. However, SES remains difficult to measure comprehensively. Distress communities index (DCI), a composite of 7 socioeconomic factors, has been increasingly recognized for its correlation with poor outcomes.

The hospital frailty risk score independently predicts postoperative outcomes in meningioma patients.

Objective: The Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) is a recently developed tool that uses ICD-10 codes to measure patient frailty. However, the effectiveness of HFRS has not yet been assessed in meningioma patients specifically. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of HFRS in predicting surgical outcomes for patients with meningiomas.

Preoperative patient-reported physical health-related quality of life predicts short-term postoperative outcomes in brain tumor patients.

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly used to assess patients' perioperative health. The PROM Information System 29 (PROMIS-29) is a well-validated global health assessment instrument for patient physical health, though its utility in cranial neurosurgery is unclear.

Objective: To investigate the utility of preoperative PROMIS-29 physical health (PH) summary scores in predicting postoperative outcomes in brain tumor patients.

The Hospital Frailty Risk Score Independently Predicts Postoperative Outcomes in Glioblastoma Patients.

Objective: The Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) is a tool for quantifying patient frailty using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes. This study aimed to determine the utility of the HFRS in predicting surgical outcomes after resection of glioblastoma (GBM) and compare its prognostic ability with other validated indices such as American Society of Anesthesiologists score and Charlson Comorbidity Index.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using a GBM patient database (2017-2019) at a single institution.

Practical photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic reduction of nitroarenes in water under blue LED irradiation using β-CD modified TiO as a green nest photocatalyst.

Photocatalysis using natural photosynthesis is a green technology that is gaining popularity in a number of industries due to its potential for environmental applications and the use of solar energy. Focus is being placed on using inexpensive materials and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of various wavelengths in photocatalytic reactions in order to improve the performance of solar-driven photocatalysts at a lower cost. In this study, a scalable, highly efficient photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic method was investigated for the reduction of nitro-compounds by a water/titania/β-cyclodextrin system under sunlight and blue LED irradiation, using sodium sulfide as a sacrificial electron donor.

ZnCl-mediated stereo- and chemoselective synthesis of vinylphosphonates.

A highly chemo- and stereoselective synthesis of diethyl ()-2-(alkylidene)-2-phosphonoacetonitriles the Knoevenagel condensation reaction of carbonyl compounds with diethyl cyanomethylphosphonate in the presence of zinc chloride has been achieved. By the presented method, various -isomers of arylmethylidene phosphonates rather than Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination products were obtained in good to excellent yields. Their configurations were determined by X-ray diffraction and NMR analyses.

The effect of fractionated gamma knife radiosurgery on visual acuity in patients with optic nerve tumor.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) method has been considered the first-line treatment option to treat patients involved with pre-optic nerve tumors. However, studies have shown that using fractionated SRS, normal tissue sparing and tumor dose can be strongly increased simultaneously. Our main goal was to illustrate the effects of fractionated SRS approach in optic nerve tumor treatment and its adjacent sensitive structures.

Clinical Presentation of Foramen Magnum Meningioma Masqueraded by Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Report of 2 Cases.

Case: Meningioma is the second most common intracranial tumor. We present 2 cases of foramen magnum meningioma (FMM) that was first operated on with the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

Conclusion: During the diagnostic assessment of CTS and recalcitrant CTS, a more proximal etiology of nerve compression should be considered, including FMM.

Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of the starch-based α-amylase responsive hydrogels.

Controlled-release drug delivery systems are promising platforms in medicine. Among various types of material in drug delivery, hydrogels are interesting ones. They are water-soluble and tissue compatible polymers with a high capacity to carry and release drugs in a controllable manner.

Electrochemical Synthesis of Sulfinate Esters: Nickel(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Esterification of Thiols with Alcohols in an Undivided Cell.

In this study, nickel-catalyzed electrochemical oxidative esterification of thiols with alcohols for the synthesis of sulfinate esters has been reported. The electrochemical oxidative esterification proceeded through a nickel-catalyzed oxidation of thiols using an undivided cell of graphite/nickel electrodes, where the nickel oxidation was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The method was conveniently and directly used for the one-pot synthesis of sulfinate esters of thiols.

Transition metal- and catalyst-free one-pot green method for the synthesis of -sulfonyl amidines direct reaction of sulfonyl azides with amines.

In this report, a green synthesis of -sulfonyl amidines the direct reaction of tertiary or secondary amines with sulfonyl azides is described. Transition metal- and catalyst-free conditions were used for the synthesis of biologically important -sulfonyl amidines. Further studies showed that the reaction proceeded aerobic oxidation of amines under reflux conditions.