Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Acute Myeloid Leukemia Arising in Idiopathic Erythrocytosis.

The term "idiopathic erythrocytosis (IE)" is applied to those cases where a causal clinical or pathological event cannot be elucidated and likely reflects a spectrum of underlying medical and molecular abnormalities. The clinical course of a patient with IE is described manifesting as a persistent erythrocytosis with a low serum erythropoietin level, mild eosinophilia, and with evidence of a thrombotic event. The patient subsequently developed a myelodysplasic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), an event not observed in erythrocytosis patients other than those with polycythemia vera (PV).

HIV and viral hepatitis coinfection analysis using surveillance data from 15 US states and two cities.

Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and viral hepatitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality in the absence of clinical management, making identification of these cases crucial. We examined characteristics of HIV and viral hepatitis coinfections by using surveillance data from 15 US states and two cities. Each jurisdiction used an automated deterministic matching method to link surveillance data for persons with reported acute and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, to persons reported with HIV infection.

Sesquiterpene Synthase-3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Synthase Fusion Protein Responsible for Hirsutene Biosynthesis in Stereum hirsutum.

The wood-rotting mushroom is a known producer of a large number of namesake hirsutenoids, many with important bioactivities. Hirsutenoids form a structurally diverse and distinct class of sesquiterpenoids. No genes involved in hirsutenoid biosynthesis have yet been identified or their enzymes characterized.

The MERRA-2 Aerosol Reanalysis, 1980 - onward, Part I: System Description and Data Assimilation Evaluation.

The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) updates NASA's previous satellite era (1980 - onward) reanalysis system to include additional observations and improvements to the Goddard Earth Observing System, Version 5 (GEOS-5) Earth system model. As a major step towards a full Integrated Earth Systems Analysis (IESA), in addition to meteorological observations, MERRA-2 now includes assimilation of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from various ground- and space-based remote sensing platforms. Here, in the first of a pair of studies, we document the MERRA-2 aerosol assimilation, including a description of the prognostic model (GEOS-5 coupled to the GOCART aerosol module), aerosol emissions, and the quality control of ingested observations.

CD36 Modulates Fasting and Preabsorptive Hormone and Bile Acid Levels.

Context: Abnormal fatty acid (FA) metabolism contributes to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The FA receptor CD36 has been linked to risk of metabolic syndrome. In rodents CD36 regulates various aspects of fat metabolism, but whether it has similar actions in humans is unknown.

Purpose in Life Among Centenarian Offspring.

Objectives: Purpose in life (PIL), a feeling of meaning and direction in life, is associated with favorable health outcomes including lower mortality and reduced risk of disease, disability, and cognitive impairment. Since centenarian offspring have been shown to have long health spans we sought to examine whether they have higher PIL than individuals without familial longevity.

Method: We compared PIL scores from the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being in centenarian offspring from the New England Centenarian Study (N = 361, mean age = 82.

Correlates of exchange sex among a population-based sample of low-income women who have heterosexual sex in Baltimore.

Sex exchange is associated with HIV and other morbidities yet has received little research, surveillance, and programmatic attention in the U.S. This study identified correlates of exchange sex and among low-income women in Baltimore, Maryland.

Neuroinflammation Alters Integrative Properties of Rat Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells.

Neuroinflammation is consistently found in many neurological disorders, but whether or not the inflammatory response independently affects neuronal network properties is poorly understood. Here, we report that intracerebroventricular injection of the prototypical inflammatory molecule lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats triggered a strong and long-lasting inflammatory response in hippocampal microglia associated with a concomitant upregulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR4) in pyramidal and hilar neurons. This, in turn, was associated with a significant reduction of the dendritic hyperpolarization-activated cyclic AMP-gated channel type 1 (HCN1) protein level while Kv4.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of surgical outcomes in Marfan patients undergoing aortic root surgery by composite-valve graft or valve sparing root replacement.

Background: A major, life-limiting feature of Marfan syndrome (MFS) is the presence of aneurysmal disease. Cardiovascular intervention has dramatically improved the life expectancy of Marfan patients. Traditionally, the management of aortic root disease has been undertaken with composite-valve graft replacing the aortic valve and proximal aorta; more recently, valve sparing procedures have been developed to avoid the need for anticoagulation.

A Next Generation Connectivity Map: L1000 Platform and the First 1,000,000 Profiles.

We previously piloted the concept of a Connectivity Map (CMap), whereby genes, drugs, and disease states are connected by virtue of common gene-expression signatures. Here, we report more than a 1,000-fold scale-up of the CMap as part of the NIH LINCS Consortium, made possible by a new, low-cost, high-throughput reduced representation expression profiling method that we term L1000. We show that L1000 is highly reproducible, comparable to RNA sequencing, and suitable for computational inference of the expression levels of 81% of non-measured transcripts.

MAVEN Observations of the Effects of Crustal Magnetic Fields on Electron Density and Temperature in the Martian Dayside Ionosphere.

Mars lacks a global magnetic field but possesses concentrated regions of crustal magnetic field that influence the planet's interaction with the solar wind and the structure of the Martian ionosphere. In this study we survey 17 months of MAVEN Langmuir Probe and Waves dayside electron density and temperature measurements to study how these quantities are affected in regions with strong crustal magnetic fields. Above 200 km altitude, we find that regions of strong crustal magnetic fields feature cooler electron temperatures and enhanced electron densities compared to regions with little or no crustal magnetic field.

Limiting Injury During Saphenous Vein Graft Preparation For Coronary Arterial Bypass Prevents Metabolic Decompensation.

Standard harvest and preparation of human saphenous vein (HSV) for autologous coronary and peripheral arterial bypass procedures is associated with injury and increased oxidative stress that negatively affect graft performance. In this study we investigated the global metabolomic profiles of HSV before (unprepared; UP) and after standard vein graft preparation (AP). AP-HSV showed impaired vasomotor function that was associated with increased oxidative stress, phospholipid hydrolysis and energy depletion that are characteristic of mechanical and chemical injury.

Hearing aid fitting and developmental outcomes of children fit according to either the NAL or DSL prescription: fit-to-target, audibility, speech and language abilities.

Objective: This study examined the influence of prescription on hearing aid (HA) fitting characteristics and 5-year developmental outcomes of children.

Design: A randomised controlled trial implemented as part of a population-based study on Longitudinal Outcomes of Children with Hearing Impairment (LOCHI).

Study Sample: Two-hundred and thirty-two children that were fit according to either the National Acoustic Laboratories (NAL) or Desired Sensation Level (DSL) prescription.

Upper hemisternotomy.

Minimally invasive approaches are increasingly used in cardiac surgical procedures. Common approaches include upper hemisternotomy and right anterolateral thoracotomy. The additional exposure gained from conventional sternotomy does not greatly improve the access to the aortic valve and proximal thoracic aorta.

Immunological and pathological consequences of coxsackievirus RNA persistence in the heart.

Type B coxsackieviruses (CVB) can cause myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a potentially-fatal sequela that has been correlated to the persistence of viral RNA. Herein, we demonstrate that cardiac RNA persistence can be established even after an inapparent primary infection. Using an inducible Cre/lox mouse model, we ask: (i) Does persistent CVB3 RNA cause ongoing immune activation? (ii) If T1IFN signaling into cardiomyocytes is ablated after RNA persistence is established, is there any change in the abundance of persistent CVB3 RNA and/or does cytopathic infectious virus re-emerge? (iii) Does this loss of T1IFN responsiveness by cardiomyocytes lead to the recurrence/exacerbation of myocarditis? Our findings suggest that persistent enteroviral RNAs probably do not contribute to ongoing myocardial disease, and are more likely to be the fading remnants of a recent, possibly sub-clinical, primary infection which may have set in motion the process that ultimately ends in DCM.

Programming characteristics of cochlear implants in children: effects of aetiology and age at implantation.

Objective: We investigated effects of aetiology and age at implantation on changes in threshold (T) levels, comfortable (C) levels and dynamic range (DR) for cochlear implants (CIs) in children over the first five years of life.

Design: Information was collected at 6 months post-activation of CIs, and at 3 and 5 years of age.

Study Sample: One hundred and sixty-one children participating in the Longitudinal Outcomes of Children with Hearing Impairment (LOCHI) study.

Osteopontin Impacts Pathogenesis and Resistance by Regulating Inflammasome Components and Cell Death in the Central Nervous System at Early Time Points.

Osteopontin (OPN) is a molecule that is common in central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, which participates in the activation, migration, and survival of inflammatory cells. However, the mechanisms by which OPN modulates inflammatory pathways are not clear. To understand the role of OPN in CNS viral infections, we used a lethal mouse model of (WNV), characterized by the injection of high doses of the Eg101 strain of WNV, causing the increase of OPN levels in the brain since early time points.

Cleavage of the Interleukin-11 receptor induces processing of its C-terminal fragments by the gamma-secretase and the proteasome.

The cytokine Interleukin-11 (IL-11) signals through the membrane-bound IL-11 receptor (IL-11R), which is expressed in a cell-type specific manner. We have recently shown that the metalloprotease ADAM10 can cleave the IL-11R. The liberated soluble IL-11R (sIL-11R) ectodomain can bind its ligand, and the resulting IL-11/sIL-11R complex can activate cells that do not express the IL-11R (trans-signaling).

Factors influencing speech perception in noise for 5-year-old children using hearing aids or cochlear implants.

Objective: We investigated the factors influencing speech perception in babble for 5-year-old children with hearing loss who were using hearing aids (HAs) or cochlear implants (CIs).

Design: Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) for 50% correct identification were measured in two conditions - speech collocated with babble, and speech with spatially separated babble. The difference in SRTs between the two conditions give a measure of binaural unmasking, commonly known as spatial release from masking (SRM).

Sirt3 Impairment and SOD2 Hyperacetylation in Vascular Oxidative Stress and Hypertension.

Rationale: Clinical studies have shown that Sirt3 (Sirtuin 3) expression declines by 40% by 65 years of age paralleling the increased incidence of hypertension and metabolic conditions further inactivate Sirt3 because of increased NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form) and acetyl-CoA levels. Sirt3 impairment reduces the activity of a key mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) because of hyperacetylation.

Objective: In this study, we examined whether the loss of Sirt3 activity increases vascular oxidative stress because of SOD2 hyperacetylation and promotes endothelial dysfunction and hypertension.

Proteolytic control of Interleukin-11 and Interleukin-6 biology.

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) and IL-6 are secreted glycoproteins which fulfill important homeostatic functions. Activation of target cells occurs via membrane-bound IL-11 and IL-6 receptors (IL-11R and IL-6R, respectively). Formation of IL-11/IL-11R and IL-6/IL-6R complexes triggers the recruitment of a homodimer of the ubiquitously expressed signal-transducing β-receptor gp130 (classic signaling).

Characteristics of Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C.: Geographic Diversity in Socio-Demographics and HIV Transmission Risk.

Background: Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Washington, DC are geographically proximate cities with high HIV prevalence, including among black men who have sex with men (BMSM). Using data collected among BMSM in CDC's National HIV Behavioral Surveillance project, we compared socio-demographic characteristics, HIV risk behaviors, and service utilization to explore similarities and differences that could inform local and regional HIV intervention approaches.

Methods: BMSM were recruited through venue time location sampling, June-December, 2011.