[ENTEROTOXIGENICITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAINS, ISOLATED FROM BREAST MILK OF WOMEN, FEEDING CHILDREN WITH INFECTIOUS PATHOLOGY].

Aim: Determination of enterotoxigenicity and ability to synthesize TSST-1 in S. aureus strains, isolated from breast milk of women, feeding children with infectious pathology.

Materials And Methods: 35 S.

[Staphylococcus enterotoxins, their properties and role as pathogenicity factors].

Data on staphylococci species producing staphylococcus enterotoxins (SE) are presented in the review. Genetics of toxin formation, SE biosynthesis, factors influencing SE formation (pH, temperature, effect of inductors and repressors), physical-chemical properties of SE, influence of temperature on enterotoxin stability, enterotoxin structure, immunologic properties, super antigen properties, SE mechanism of action, role of SE in nosocomial infections, intestine dysbacteriosis, atopic dermatitis, enterotoxin toxicity, clinical manifestations are examined.

[The influence of lactic acid bacteria and yeast on production of staphylococcal enterotoxins].

Research of influence of 10 lactic acid bacteria cultures on staphylococcal growth and production of staphylococcal enterotoxins SEA and SEB has shown that lactic acid bacteria slow down SEA in 5,7 fold and SEB - 1,56 fold. All investigated cultures possessed inhibition action on SEA and SEB production. Has been established, what lactic acid bacteria slow down growth of staphylococcus in 1,48 fold.

[The significance of some potentially pathogenic microorganisms in occurrence of food toxicosis. Part 1. S. aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxins].

The data on the nomenclature, classification and properties of staphylococci and staphylococcal enterotoxins produced by them are presented. The analysis of cultural and biochemical properties of 137 strains of staphylococci isolated from raw milk and "Russian" cheese was performed. The high degree of correlation between the ability of S.

[Methods of definition staphylococcal enterotoxin in foodstuff].

In the review the literary data on methods of definition staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) generalized. Are cited the data on kinds staphylococcal, producing SE and about existence various types SE and types SE, having practical value. The special attention is given to the internationals recognized methods of definition SE: reactions of passive latex-agglutination, to a microslide method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to the analysis, enzyme-immuno to the analysis.

[Influence of various pectins on production of staphylococcal enterotoxins types A and B].

Experimental in vitro study of influence of 2% solution of pectins (red beet, apple, citrus, manufactured by "Vitaline" company, citrus high- and low-etherified pectins, manufactured by "Hercules" company, Unipectine OB 700, and biologically active supplement "Pecto") on growth of staphylococci and production by them of type A and B enterotoxins was performed. It was shown that red beet, citrus high- and low-etherified pectins, as well as biologically active supplement "Pecto" render bactericidal effect on staphylococci and inhibit synthesis of types A and B staphylococcal enterotoxins. Citrus pectin "Vitaline" and Unipectine OB 700 don't have such influence.

[Staphylococcal toxin of toxic shock syndrome].

Literature data on toxic shock syndrome staphylococcal toxin (TSST-1) are summarized; properties of Staphylococcus aureus strains producing TSST-1, nutrient media, and factors influencing on production of TSST-1 are reviewed. Physical and chemical properties of the toxin, its molecular characteristics, genetic regulation of its production, mechanism of action, and diseases which it causes are also discussed. Clinical and histologic signs of toxic shock syndrome (TSS), its diagnostic criteria, susceptibility of people to TSS, antigenic and serologic properties of the toxin, epidemiology of the infection caused by TSST-1-producing strains of staphylococci, methods of TSST-1 extraction and identification are described.

[Bacillus cereus enterotoxins].

Data about Bacillus cereus different enterotoxins including hemolysin (HBL), nonhemolytic enterotoxin (NHE), enterotoxin (T), and emesis-inducing thermostable enterotoxin (ETE) are summarized in the article. Information about synthesis of different diarrhea-inducing and emesis-inducing enterotoxins, methods of their purification, structure, functions, and mechanisms of action are presented. Commercial kits for identification of B.

[Detection rate of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus isolated from children with intestinal disbacteriosis].

Detection rate of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus isolated from faeces of 62 children aged from 3 months old to 7 years old with intestinal dysbacteriosis was studied by indirect hemagglutination assay and enzume immunoassay. It was shown that strains of S.aureus producing staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) are prevailed (40.

[Influence of the food products, enriched with pectin, on properties of potentially patogenic representatives of the microflora of the large intenstine].

The treatment method of disbios suffered by patients with syndrome of irritated intestines with constipations was under research. The method was based on introduction of sour-milk beverage with addition of beet pectin in a dietary intake. The comparison product was kefir.

[Detection of the genes of pyrogenic toxins of superantigens in clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

The content of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) genes, coding the synthesis of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C (sea, seb, sec) and the toxin of the toxic shock syndrome (tst-H) which was classified with pyrogenic toxins of superantigens (PTSAgs), was studied with the use of PCR amplification. The study revealed the specific features of the content of genes sea and sec, detected in epidemic strains, identified earlier and found to circulate in Russian hospitals.

[Isolation rate of enterotoxigenic staphylococci in patients with sepsis, pneumonia and burns].

The occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus strains producing enterotoxins of types SEA and SEB, which isolated from patients of different profile and caused the infectious process accompanied by pronounced intoxication without vomiting and enteric disturbances, was determined by means of the indirect hemagglutination test. The collection included 28 strains isolated in sepsis, 38 strains isolated in pneumonia, 57 strains isolated from patients with burns and 23, from the hands and nasopharynx of the medical staff. Among the staphylococcal strains isolated in sepsis, 75.

[Detection and serological screening of conditionally-pathogenic enterobacteria isolated from food products and the environment].

The spread of some coliform bacteria in foods, the faeces of children and adults and in human environment was studied, and the evaluation of their toxigenic potential and serological properties was given. More then 160 strains of enterobacteria including 70 strains of Escherichia spp were described. The frequency of detection enterotoxigenic E.

[Enzyme immunoassay system for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin, type C].

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) system for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin, type C, has been developed. The sensitivity of the system is 1 ng/ml. The optimum EIA parameters have been worked out.

[Enterotoxin production as a diagnostic test in intestinal dysbacterioses ].

The new approach to advancing diagnostic of dysbacterioses grounded on determination of the pathogenic factors of potential-pathogenic microflora is proposed. The method of reacting of an indirect hemagglutination with usage of erythrocital diagnosticums ostend availability of production of staphylococcal enterotoxines of types A and B in 40% of the strains of staphylococcuses, isolated at dysbacterioses. The intensity of production of staphylococcal enterotoxines for strains of microorganisms, isolated at dysbacterioses and carrying of S.

[Status of interferon in genital infections].

The interferon status test characterizes the interferon (IFN) system function and the functional activity of IFN-producing cytokine cells. In contrast to the routine method, we used fetal calf (FCS) and autologous sera for evaluating the patients' leukocyte capacity to produce IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma. Blood samples from 30 women with genital infections caused by herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, Chlamydia, and Ureaplasma were tested.

[Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxigenic strains isolated from pregnant women with pathology].

137 S. aureus strains, isolated from the larynx of pregnant women in cases of pathology, were studied for the formation of staphylococcal enterotoxins of types A and B (SEA and SEB) by the indirect hemagglutination test. The study revealed that SEA was produced by 35.

[Determining the levels of staphylococcal enterotoxins types A and B in food products by the immunoenzyme method].

"Sandwich" variant of ELISA was used to identify staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE), types A and B, in S. aureus filtrates inducing food poisoning, in extracts of the lactic acid product for infants "Biphilin" that caused staphylococcal infection, and in foods contaminated with SE in varying concentrations. It has been shown that ELISA used for SE identification in foods permits revealing SE, types A and B, in liquid products in concentrations of 1-2 ng/ml (that is 1000-fold more sensitive, than the immunodiffusion test, 400-800-fold more sensitive than the passive hemagglutination test, and 10-fold more sensitive than the indirect passive hemagglutination test), and in solid products--in concentrations of 5-10 ng/g (after artificial contamination).

[An immunoenzyme test system for determining the staphylococcal exotoxin of toxic shock].

A highly sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay system for the determination of staphylococcal toxic shock exotoxin (TSE), permitting the detection of TSE at a concentration of 5-10 ng/ml, has been developed. The possibility of using this assay system for the selection of TSE-producing strains has been shown. 84% of staphylococcal strains under study have been found to produce TSE.

[Production of toxic shock exotoxin by Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant and sensitive to antibiotics].

Three hundred and ninety two strains of S. aureus isolated from bacteria carriers and patients with staphylococcal infections in different regions of the Soviet Union were investigated. 55.

[The frequency of the production of toxic-shock exotoxin by Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in the USSR].

515 S. aureus strains, isolated from carriers and patients with staphylococcal infection in different regions of the USSR, were studied. Of these, 52.

[A rapid method of detecting the staphylococcal exotoxin of toxic shock].

The authors suggest a simple and rapid technique, staphylococci coagglutination, for rapid detection of the toxic shock exotoxin (TSE)-producing S. aureus strains. The method is based on the sensitization of formalin-treated Cowan-1 S.

[Identification of Salmonella enterotoxin by coagglutination reaction].

It has been shown that the intensity of enterotoxin production by various strains of Salmonella is different (it ranges from + to +). Thus, in addition to adhesive properties and skin permeability factors, the ability of various Salmonella strains to produce enterotoxin is one of the pathogenic factors of these microorganisms. Further biological characteristics of the infective agents will promote the detection of epidemiologically significant types of microorganisms during outbreaks of toxicoinfections.

[Staphylococcal toxic shock exotoxin (its isolation and characteristics)].

The method for obtaining the preparation of toxic shock exotoxin (TSE) has been developed. This method comprises the following operations: the sorption of the toxin from the culture fluid on Amberlite CG-50, elution, dialysis, gel chromatography in a column with biogel P-2, isoelectric focusing, and gel chromatography in a column with Sephadex G-75. TSE is a relatively thermostable protein with a molecular weight of 24,000.