Psychohistorical Hypotheses on Japan's History of Hostility Towards China.

The accelerating tensions and military posturing between Japan and China have created a serious crisis with a danger of a catastrophic war. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the events of the current crisis, and to put it in the context of Japan's long history of hostility to China and repeated attempts at conquest. The historical record shows that Japan has attacked China at least seven times, even though China has never attacked Japan.

Adolescent health and adaptation in Canada: examination of gender and age aspects of the healthy immigrant effect.

Introduction: A longstanding and widely held assumption is that immigrants suffer from ill health and adaptation problems. Yet recent studies show that immigrants report the same or better state of health compared to their native-born counterparts. This phenomenon, known as the healthy immigrant effect, has been found in studies of specific health conditions of adults.

Social competence and emotional/behavioral problems in a birth cohort of Sami and Norwegian preadolescents in Arctic Norway as reported by mothers and teachers.

In a 7-year follow-up birth cohort from the general population in the Sami core area in Finnmark, Arctic Norway, we examined mothers' and teachers' reports of social competence and emotional/behavioral problems among 71 indigenous Sami and 77 Norwegian 11-12-year-olds. The instruments used were the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for parents and the Teacher Report Form (TRF). No ethnic differences were found on competence scales.

Cross-informant correlations on social competence and behavioral problems in Sami and Norwegian preadolescents.

In a community-based birth cohort from Arctic Norway, correlations between parents and teachers on child competence and behavioral problems were determined for Sami and Norwegian 11-12 year-olds, using as instruments the child behavior checklist (CBCL), teacher report form (TRF), and the impact supplement of the extended strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). Parent-teacher correlations on child behavioral problems were generally high in the Norwegian group, but low in the Sami group. Cross-cultural differences in cross-informant correlations were highest regarding externalizing and attention problems.

Parenting correlates of child behavior problems in a multiethnic community sample of preschool children in northern Norway.

A multiethnic community sample of 191 families with four-year-old children in northern Norway was used to explore whether parenting factors were associated with child behavior problems, and whether these associations differed for boys and girls or for the two main ethnic groups in this region: the indigenous Sami and the majority Norwegians. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and a semi-structured interview on child-rearing were used as instruments. As would be expected from a developmental perspective, elevated scores of child behavior problems were associated with lower levels of parental cuddling and with higher levels of physical punishment.